8. Wilson, Consilience, 96–97.
9. James, “On Some Hegelisms” 201.
10. Wilson, On Human Nature, 73.
11. Ibid., 156; Gazzaniga, Human, 106 (parentheses in original); Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 44.
12. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 212. See Dugatkin, Altruism Equation, 86–106, for a discussion of Hamilton’s work.
13. See Dugatkin, Altruism Equation, 143–146.
14. Ibid., 73.
15. Quoted in ibid., 98.
16. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 52.
17. Dawkins, “Selfish Genes and Selfish Mernes,” 143.
18. Searle, Mind, 302–303.
19. Ibid., 81.
THREE The Freudian Self
1. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 149–150.
2. Ibid., 150.
3. Ibid., 155.
4. Ibid., 168, 156, 157.
5. Karl Lueger quoted in Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1889–1936. Hubris (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 35.
6. Freud, Future of an Illusion, 6; Spengler, Decline of the West, 182.
7. Freud, Interpretation of Dreams, 137, 196–197; Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 61–62.
8. Freud and Bullitt, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, 195–196, 71.
9. Nietzsche, Genealogy of Morals, 19.
10. Spengler, Decline of the West, 250.
11. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 188–189.
12. Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 51.
13. There is a recent English translation of Fichte’s Addresses by Gregory Moore (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), the first in eighty-six years. Quotations are taken from the 1922 translation, as reprinted in 1979.
14. Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation, 86.
15. Ibid., 268–269.
16. Spengler, Decline of the West, 350, 352–353.
17. Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 33.
18. Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., s.v. “Metaphysics.”
19. Spengler, Decline of the West, 215.
20. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 26, 27 (emphasis in original).
21. Ibid., 26–27.
22. Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 12–13.
FOUR Thinking Again
1. Wilson, Consilience, 99; Pinker, How the Mind Works, 924–926.
2. Pinker, How the Mind Works, 324–327, 456–459.
3. Rene Descartes, The Method, Meditations, and Philosophy of Descartes, trans. John Veitch (N.p.: M. Walter Dunne, 1901), 270.
4. Pinker, How the Mind Works, 4, 64, 21, 30.
5. Wilson, On Human Nature, 201.
6. Psalms 8:4; Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 21–23.
7. Pinker, How the Mind Works, 556, 561.
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