59. Beuf, 7; Sacerdote, 207.
60. Ferrara, 291.
61. Burckhardt, 112; Creighton, IV, 3–4.
62. Id., III, 6n; Ferrara, 293.
63. Richard Garnett in Cambridge Modern History, I, 238.
64. In Beuf, 155.
65. Ferrara, 308.
66. Beuf, 194.
67. Ibid., 223.
68. Creighton, IV, 27.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid., 29; Sacerdote, 806.
71. Guicciardini, III, 137; Machiavelli, Relation of the Murder of Vitellezzo, in Appendix to History of Florence, pp. 491–6.
72. Beuf, 292.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid and 296.
75. Creighton, IV, 36.
76. Ibid., 40.
77. Beuf, 290.
78. Beuf, 252–8.
79. Beuf, 131.
80. Beuf, 66, 177; Guicciardini, III, 129.
81. Portigliotti, 83.
82. Villari, Machiavelli, I, 323.
83. Burckhardt, 116.
84. Pastor, VI, 128.
85. Beuf, 305–7.
86. Ferrara, 326.
87. Burckhardt, 115; Villari, Machiavelli, I, 323.
88. Cartwright, Isabella, I, 327.
89. Creighton, IV, 30, 40; Cambridge Modern History, I, 242; Beuf, 307.
90. Symonds, Despots, 426.
91. Burckhard, Diarium, ed. Celani, II, 303, in Portigliotti, 54.
92. Ferrara, 337; Gregorovius, Lucrezia, 178.
93. Ferrara, 337.
94. Gregorovius, 177; Ferrara, 336. Creighton, IV, 50n, accepts the tale.
95. Gregorovius, 189.
96. Ferrara, 252.
97. Ibid., 251.
98. Gregorovius, 108, 330.
99. Creighton, III, 264.
100. There are different accounts of Alfonso’s death; the text follows the despatches of the Venetian ambassador Capello as given in Creighton, IV, 25762. Pastor (VI, 77) suggests that Alfonso was slain by his own bodyguard.
101. Cf. Gregorovius, Lucrezia, 175.
102. Cartwright, Isabella, I, 205.
103. Creighton, IV, 21; Pastor, V, 399; Gregorovius, 175.
104. Ibid., 167.
105. Ibid., 213.
106. Ibid., 222; Friedländer, L., Roman Life and Manners, II, 176.
107. Gregorovius, 246–8.
108. Ibid., 290.
109. Cambridge Modern History, I, 241; Pastor, VI, 132; Sacerdote, 683; Villari, Machiavelli, I, 327; Lanciani, 76; Ferrara, 400; Roscoe, Leo X, I, 469; Beuf, 318. Portigliotti, 129–37, defends the poison theory.
110. Lanciani, 76.
111. Portigliotti, 127.
112. Gregorovius, 289.
113. Guicciardini, III, 228.
114. Machiavelli, Prince, ch. xviii.
115. Pastor, VI, 137.
116. Roscoe, Leo X, I, 195.
117. Creighton, IV, 44–50.
118. Cambridge Modern History, I, 241–2.
119. Creighton, IV, 57.
120. Pastor, VI, 208.
121. Gregorovius, Lucrezia, 310.
122. Ibid., 31.
123. Roscoe, Leo X, 1,404.
CHAPTER XVII
1. Pastor, V, 369.
2. Paris de Grassis in Roscoe, Leo X, I, 300.
3. Pastor, l.c.
4. Villari, Machiavelli, i, 367.
5. Pastor, VI, 215.
6. Ibid., 223.
7. Beuf, 364.
8. Machiavelli, Discourses, i, 27.
9. Creighton, IV, 117.
10. Ibid., 123.
11. Ibid., 124.
12. Ibid., 127.
13. Guicciardini, V, 90.
14. Creighton, IV, 163n.
15. Ibid., 130n.
16. Guicciardini, VI, in.
17. Müntz, Raphael, 293.
18. Symonds, Michelangelo, 92–4.
19. Pastor, VI, 469f.
20. New York World, May 12, 1928.
21. Nietzsche, Letter to Brandes, in Huneker, Egoists, 251.
22. Vasari, ed., Blashfield and Hopkins, IV, 37n, Michelangelo.
23. Ibid., 38.
24. In Symonds, Michelangelo, 7.
25. Cellini, Autobiography, i, 13.
26. Symonds, Mich., 134.
27. Ibid., 44.
28. Ibid., 45.
29. Maulde, 313.
30. Symonds, Mich., 58.
31. Vasari, IV, 59.
32. Symonds, 70.
33. Ibid., 100.
34. Cellini, i, 12.
35. Condivi in Symonds, in.
36. Symonds, 125.
37. Vasari, IV, 89.
38. Condivi in Symonds, 139.
39. Faure, E., Spirit of Forms, 139.
40. Vasari, IV, 91.
CHAPTER XVIII
1. Montalembert, Monks of the West, I, 81.
2. Roscoe, Lorenzo, 285.
3. Guicciardini, VI, 114.
4. Roscoe, Leo X, I, 344.
5. Guicciardini, VII, 68.
6. Ibid., VI, 117.
7. Creighton, IV, 182.
8. Cambridge Modern History, II, 14; Gregorovius, History of City of Rome, VIIIa, 294; Creighton, IV, 18in. All these rest on the Relazione of Marino Giorgio, the Venetian ambassador, and on Prato’s Storia Milanese; probable but inconclusive evidence, since Giorgio did not take up residence in Rome till 1515.
9. Pastor, VIII, 391.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., 84.
12. Roscoe, Leo X, II, 259.
13. Ibid., 388; Pastor, VIII, 79.
14. Müntz, Raphael, 409.
15. Taine, Italy: Rome and Naples, 185.
16. Pastor, VIII, 74.
17. Roscoe, II, 391.
18. Burckhardt, 185.
19. Pastor, VIII, 160, 162.
20. Ibid., 163–4.
21. Lanciani, Golden Days of the Renaissance in Rome, 321.
22. Burckhardt, 387.
23. Gregorovius, VIIIa, 407.
24. Lanciani, 58.
30. Roscoe, II, 82; Pastor, VIII, 127.
31. Gregorovius, VIIIa, 302.
32. Lanciani, 108.
33. Pastor, VIII, 121.
34. Cartwright, Isabella, II, 116.
35. Gregorovius, VIIIa, 309, 311.
36. Rashdall, H., Universities of Europe in the M.A., II, 39.
37. Roscoe, I, 342.
38. Huizinga, Waning of the Middle Ages, 62.
39. Pastor, VIII, 268.
40. Roscoe, I, 357.
41. Ibid., 287.
42. Ibid.
43. Maulde, 432.
44. Roscoe, II, 173.
45. Müntz, Raphael, 405; Symonds, Italian Literature, II, 147.
46. Roscoe, II, 209–302; Pastor, VIII, 238.
47. Ibid., 270.
48. Roscoe, II, 176.
49. Ibid., 110; Pastor, VIII, 184.
50. Roscoe, II, 110.
51. In Symonds, Revival, 499.
52. Ibid., 500.
53. Ibid., 503.
54. Ibid., 476.
55. Lanciani, Ancient Rome, 154f
56. In Pastor, VIII, 362.
57. Symonds, Michelangelo, 195.
58. Vasari, IV, 75.
59. Pastor, VIII, 435.
60. Symonds, 219.
61. Ibid., 51.
62. Ibid., 52.
63. Vasari, IV, 213.
64. Ibid., 218.
65. Ibid., 212.
66. Symonds, Fine Arts, 268.
67. Symonds, Michel., 203.
68. Ibid., 529.
69. 535.
70. 149.
71. Müntz, Raphael, 421.
72. Ibid., 422.
73. 420.
74. Ibid.
75. Vasari, II, 247–9, Raphael.
76. Winckelmann, History of Ancient Art, II, 316.
77. Müntz, Raphael, 462.
78. Roscoe, Leo X, I, 347.
79. Lanciani, Golden Days, 279–80.
80. Friedländer, II, 136; Pastor, VIII, 117.
81. Friedländer, I.e.