82. Ibid., 157.
83. Lanciani, Golden Days, 302.
84. Müntz, Raphael, 491.
85. Time Magazine, April 30, 1951, p. 29.
86. Vasari, II, 238.
87. Lanciani, 230.
88. Vasari, II, 241.
89. Ibid., 247.
90. Matt. 17:1–3, 141”.
91. Vasari, II, 247.
92. In Mantegna, L’ oeuvre, Introd., x.
93. Guicciardini, VII, 287; VIII, 11.
94. Ibid., VI, 412.
95. Ibid., VII, 129; Roscoe, Leo X, II, 200.
96. Cf. Ranke, History of the Popes, I, 309.
97. Pastor, VIII, 2.
98. Thompson, J. W., 423.
99. Pastor, VIII, 81, 151.
100. Ibid., 102.
101. 63–5.
102. Thompson, 423.
103. Pastor, VIII, 460.
104. Young, Medici, 296.
105. Pastor, VIII, 139.
CHAPTER XIX
1. Poggio, Facetiae, in Burckhardt, 521.
2. Machiavelli, Discourses, i, 56.
3. Burckhardt, 519.
4. Ibid., 520.
5. Thorndike, Lynn, History of Magic and Experimental Science, IV, 562.
6. Jusserand, J. J., English Wayfaring Life in the M.A., 377.
7. Ibid.
8. Aretino, Ragionamenti del Zoppino, in Burckhardt, 529; Sismondi, 744.
9. Ibid.
10. Pastor, V, 348.
11. Ibid., 349; Exodus, xxii, 18.
12. Pastor, V, 349.
13. Lea, H. C., History of the Inquisition in the M.A., III, 540.
14. Sismondi, 745; Burckhardt, 528.
15. Lea, op. cit., 547.
16. Ibid.
16a. Ibid., 548.
16b. Burckhardt, 508.
16c. Thorndike, IV, 761.
16d. Ibid., 435.
16e. Guicciardini, Ricordi, 57, in Burckhardt, 518.
16f. Robertson, J. M., Short History of Freethought, I, 369.
16g. Roscoe, Leo X, II, 253.
16h. Lacroix, Paul, Science and Literature in the Middh Ages, 290.
16i. Burckhardt, 211.
16j. Boccaccio, Decameron, viii, 9.
17. In Castiglioni, History of Medicine, 399.
18. Walsh, J. J., The Popes and Science, 75.
19. Ibid., 115.
19a. Cornaro, L., Art of Living Long, 43f.
20. Castiglioni, 368.
20a. Cornaro, 92, 103.
20b. Ibid., Introd., 31.
20c. Ibid.
21. Lanciani, Golden Days, 87.
22. Molmenti, Part II, Vol. I, 159f
23. Lanciani, 86.
24. Thorndike, Science and Thought in the Fifteenth Century, 221.
24. Sarton, IIIb, 1658.
25. Garrison, 187.
27. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 54.
28. Pastor, V, 61.
29. Luther, Table Talk, in Pastor, V, 65.
30. Garrison, 191.
31. Ibid.
32. Lacroix, Paul, History of Prostitution, II, 1119.
33. Castiglioni, 454.
34. Lanciani, Golden Days, 84.
35. Sudhoff in Garrison, 191.
36. Castiglioni, 453.
37. Sarton, IIIa, 274.
38. Castiglioni, 465.
39. Ibid., 459; Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 951.
40. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 262.
41. Robertson, Freethought, I, 369.
42. Ibid.
43. Owen, Skeptics, 215.
44. Cambridge Modern History, II, 703.
45. Pastor, V, 157.
46. Owen, 208.
47. Ibid.
48. 209.
49. De incantatione, ch. iii, in Symonds, Italian Literature, II, 476.
50. Ibid., ch. xii, in Symonds, op. cit., 477.
51. Owen, 201.
52. De immortalitate animae, ch. xiv.
52a. Ibid.
53. In Owen, 204.
54. Ibid.
55. De fato, iii, 7.
56. In Cambridge Modern History, II, 703.
57. Pastor, V, 157.
58. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 1.
59. Burckhardt, 453.
60. Ranke, History of the Popes, I, 56.
61. Pastor, I, 27.
62. Pastor, X, 422.
63. Encyclopaedia Britannica, nth ed., XXIII, 85a.
64. Symonds, Italian Lit., II, 479.
65. Ibid.
66. Lea, Inquisition in the M.A., III, 576.
67. Erasmus, Epistle xxvi, 34, in Robertson, J. M., Freethought, I, 370.
68. Guicciardini, I, 4.
69. Mather, F. J., Western European Painting of the Renaissance, 150.
70. In Villari, Machiavelli, I, 417.
71. Guicciardini, I, Introd. xvi.
72. Guicciardini, Ricordi, xxviii, in Burckhardt, 464, Pastor, VIII, 178, and Villari, Machiavelli, II, 86.
73. Ricordi civ and cclxvii, in Villari, Machiavelli, II, 86.
74. Opere inedite, ii, 51, in Sismondi, 389.
75. Ricordi, cccxlvi, in Villari, II, 85; Guicciardini, History, III, 104.
76. Villari, II, 158–9.
77. Ibid., 325.
78. In Roeder, 209.
79. Cf. the letters in Villari, I, 469 and II, 48.
80. In Pastor, V, 160.
81. Machiavelli, Discourses, ii, 10.
82. Ibid., ii, 18.
83. In Villari, II, 344.
84. Discourses, iii, 43.
85. Ibid., proem to book ii.
86. Machiavelli, History, v, i.
87. Machiavelli, The Prince, ch. xxv.
88. Discourses, i, 3; Prince, iii.
89. Robertson, I, 374.
90. Discourses, i, 11.
91. I, 12.
92. I, 11–12.
93. I, 10.
94. II, 2; iii, i.
95. I, 12.
96. III, 1.
97. III, 41.
98. I, 9.
99. History, v, 2.
100. In Villari, II, 143.
101. Discourses, i, 9.
102. Prince, i.
103. Discourses, 1, 12.
104. In Villari, II, 151.
105. Prince, xi-xii; History, vi, 1.
106. In Pastor, V, 164.
107. Prince, xv.
108. Prince, xviii.
109. Ibid., xvii.
110. Discourses, iii, 19.
111. Ibid.1, 10.
112. Prince, xxi.
113. Ibid., viii.
114. XVIII.
115. Ibid.
116. VII, xvii.
117. XXVI.
118. Villari, II, 193; Treitschke, H. von, Lectures on Politics, 29.
119. Bacon, F., De augmentis scientiarum, vii, 2.
120. Hegel, Philosophy of History, in Symonds, Despots, 367.
CHAPTER XX
1. Burckhardt, 485.
2. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 192.
3. Platina, Vitae, in Burckhardt, 501.
4. Sismondi, 468.
5. Pastor, V, 84.
6. Decameron, i, 2 and 7.
7. Symonds, Despots, 458n.
8. In Roeder, 512.
9. Pastor, I, 31.
10. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 222.
11. Aretino, Dialogues, p. 82.
12. Guicciardini, Considerazione on Machiavelli’s Discourses (i, 12), in Villari, II, 151.
13. St. Catherine of Siena in Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, II, 399.
14. Pastor, V, 171–3.
16. Robertson, I, 369.
17. Burckhardt, 502.
18. Robertson, I, 369.
19. Pastor, VI, 443.
20. Pastor, X, 457–76.