21. Bandello, Novels, Vol. I, Part I, Story I; Maulde, 178.
22. Ibid.
23. Pastor, V, 113.
24. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 417.
25. Pastor, V, 133; Symonds, Despots, 477.
26. Pastor, V, 132.
27. Aretino, La cortigiana, Act. iii, p. 219 of Works.
28. Chubb, T. C, Aretino, 216.
29. Pastor, I, 26.
30. Molmenti, Part II, Vol. II, 239.
31. Ibid., 238.
32. Castiglioni, 464; Burckhardt, 400, who considers the estimate exaggerated.
33. Castiglioni, 464.
34. Molmenti, 250n.
35. Pastor, VIII, 121.
36. Gregorovius, Lucrezia, 96.
37. Symonds, Italian Lit., II, 225.
38. Maulde, 361.
39. Gregorovius, VIIIa, 306.
40. Lanciani, Golden Days, 67.
41. Ibid., 64.
42. Maulde, 360, 164.
43. Ibid., 27, 98.
44. Villari, I, 315.
45. Pastor, V, 105, 127.
46. Burckhardt, 416.
47. An example in Cartwright, Isabella, II, 288.
48. Maulde, 43.
49. Burckhardt, 456.
50. Maulde, 353; Sismondi, 747.
51. Ibid., 456.
52. Coulton, From St. Francis to Dante, 14.
53. In Symonds, Italian Lit., II, 86.
54. Burckhardt, 346.
55. Molmenti, II, II, 92.
56. Burckhardt, 374.
57. Molmenti, 94; Taylor, Leonardo, 484.
58. Ibid.
59. Sismondi, 452.
60. Addison, Julia, Development of Arts and Crafts in the Middle Ages, 192.
61. Cagnola in Noyes, Milan, 133.
62. Cartwright, Isabella, II, 115.
63. Maulde, 131.
64. Ibid., 70–1.
65. Cartwright, Beatrice, 172.
66. Pastor, V, 17–9.
67. Symonds, Despots, 240f.
68. In Burckhardt, 404.
69. Ibid.
70. Pastor, VIII, 124.
71. Pastor, V, 107.
72. Ashley, W. J., Introd. to English Economic History, 447.
73. Pastor, V, 106.
74. Cambridge Modern History, I, 250; Symonds, Despots, 474.
75. Taine: Rome and Naples, 172.
76. Chubb, 23.
77. Guicciardini, III, 59.
78. Ibid., VII, 69; Machiavelli, History, vi, 4.
79. Pastor, V, 134.
80. Sismondi, 456.
81. James, Bologna, 138.
82. Schevill, Siena, 223.
83. Robinson and Rolf, 123.
84. Cartwright, Isabella, II, 59.
85. Lanciani, 99.
86. Brinton, The Gonzaga Lords, 88.
87. Fattorusso, 247.
88. Thorndike, Science and Thought in the Fifteenth Century, 53; Burckhardt, 374.
89. Friedländer, II, 176.
90. Wright, T., Homes of Other Days, 462.
91. Molmenti, II, II, 162.
92. Decameron, i, 1.
93. Molmenti, 231.
94. Villari, Savonarola, 246.
95. Gibbon, VI, 562.
96. Symonds, Italian Lit., I, 307–8.
97. Vasari, II, 178–9, Fiero di Cosimo.
98. pastor, V, 48.
99. In Lang, P. H., Music in Western Civilization, 299.
100. Cellini, i, 32.
101. Lang, 302.
102. Castiglione, B., The Courtier, p. 76.
103. Ibid.; Oxford History of Music, Introd. Volume, 215; Lang, 300.
104. Oxford History, Introd., 188.
105. In Einstein, Alfred, The Italian Madrigal, I, 39.
106. Symonds, Ital. Lit., I, 217.
107. Einstein, 7.
108. Tr. Symonds, Sketches, II, 332.
109. Rabelais, Pantagruel, bk. iv, Prologue.
109a. Grove, Dictionary of Music, IV, 809.
110. Einstein, 6, 8.
111. Luther, in Gregorovius, VIIIa, 249.
112. Ascham, The Scholemaster, 87.
113. Machiavelli, Discourses, i, 12.
114. Guicciardini, VIII, 354.
115. Pastor, V, 181.
CHAPTER XXI
1. The phrase is from Michelet, Histoire de France, III, i, 2, p. 5.
2. Lacroix, Paul, Arts of the M.A., 99.
3. Guicciardini, I, 147.
4. Guizot, History of France, II, 554.
5. Cambridge Modern History, I, 240.
6. Roscoe, Leo X, I, 200–1.
7. Prescott, II, 307.
8. Guizot, II, 511; Sismondi, 676.
9. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1130.
10. Pastor, VII, 105.
11. Ibid., 141; Roscoe, Leo X, II, 39; Guicciardini, VI, 382, however, thought that Leo agreed.
12. De Grassis in Roscoe, Leo X, II, 40.
13. Pastor, VII, 139.
14. Beuf, 222.
15. Guicciardini, VII, 266.
16. Pastor, IX, 27.
17. Chubb, 76.
18. Symonds, Despots, 440.
19. Pastor, IX, 73.
20. Burckhardt, 162.
21. Pastor, IX, 91–113.
22. Ibid., 125.
23. Cartwright, Isabella, II, 232.
24. Tr. Symonds, Ital. Lit., II, 368.
25. Pastor, IX, 266.
26. Ibid., 271.
27. Guicciardini, VIII, 230f
28. Pastor, IX, 304.
29. Ibid., 328.
30. 331.
31. Sismondi, 687.
32. Young, 330.
33. In Cartwright, II, 272.
34. Guicciardini, IX, 98, 113.
35. Pastor, IX, 362.
36. Ibid., 390–405; Cartwright, II, 260.
37. Pastor, IX, 400, 413.
38. Guicciardini, IX, 305; Lanciani, 108.
39. Ibid., 107.
40. Guicciardini, IX, 307.
41. Pastor, IX, 400.
42. Symonds, Revival, 444–5.
43. Guicciardini, IX, 308; Pastor, IX, 413.
44. Symonds, Despots, 444; Job, x, 18.
45. Guicciardini, IX, 320–2; Pastor, IX, 424.
46. In Cartwright, Isabella, II, 270.
47. Burckhardt, 123; Symonds, Despots, 445:
48. Guicciardini, X, 139.
49. Sismondi, 729; Symonds, Despots, 446.
50. Fattorusso, Florence, 192.
51. Sismondi, 731.
52. Symonds, Michelangelo, 279.
53. Young, 351.
54. Pastor, X, 199.
55. Vasari, II, 295, Peruzzi.
56. Symonds, Michelangelo, 441.
57. Ibid., 372.
58. 255.
59. Vasari, IV, 119n.
60. Symonds, Michelangelo, 267.
61. Ibid., 282.
62. 324.
63. Cambridge Modern History, II, 67.
64. Pastor, X, 235.
65. Ibid., 322.
66. Letter of Gregorio da Casale, Oct., 1534, in Young, 358.
CHAPTER XXII
1. Burckhardt, Cicerone, in Vasari, IV, 320n.
2. Vasari, IV, 327.
3. Ibid., 329.
4. In Anderson, Architecture of the Renaissance in Italy, 145.
5. This section is especially indebted to Thomas Caldecott Chubb’s Aretino.
6. Chubb, 46.
7. Vasari, III, 77, Marcantonio Bolognese.
8. In Chubb, 117.
9. Symonds, Ital. Lit., II, 395.
10. Ariosto, Orlando furioso, xlvi, 14.
11. Maulde, 391.
12. Symonds, Lit., II, 399–400.
13. Ibid., 404.
14. Chubb, 205.
15. Aretino, Dialogues, p. 55.