International Herald Tribune, October 5, 1979.
SSSR v tsifrakh v 1978 (The USSR in figures in 1978), Moscow, 1979, p. 7.
Kerblay, "Les enseignements," p. 20.
Ted Agres, "U.S. Builds Soviet War Machine," Industrial Research and Development, July 1980, p. 51.
Charles Levinson, Vodka-Cola, Paris, 1977, p. 312.
International Herald Tribune, September 9, 1979.
Ibid., May 24, 1979.
Ibid., June 20, 1979.
Agres, "U.S. Builds," p. 53.
Ibid., p. 54.
Le point, March 14, 1977.
Le monde, September 30, 1979.
Le point, March 14, 1977.
Literaturnaia gazeta, August 9, 1978.
Allard, Moskauer Tagebuch, p. 12.
Ibid.
Izvestiia, June 5, 1972.
Le Figaro, April 25, 1979.
Pravda, September 24, 1976.
Solzhenitsyn, Amerikanskie rechi (American speeches), Paris, 1975, p. 42.
New York Times, March 10, 1946.
Pravda, July 30, 1980.
Novoe vremia [New times], no. 31, 1976.
Pravda, February 25, 1976.
Jerry F. Hough and Merle Fainsod, How the Soviet Union Is Governed, Cambridge, 1979, p. 265.
Seweryn Bialer in Time, June 23, 1980, p. 29.
Sakharov, My Country, pp. 16—17.
Sakharov, "Trevozhnoe vremia," Novoe russkoe slovo, June 14, 1980.
Amalrik, Will the Soviet Union Survive, p. 6.
Hough and Fainsod, How the Soviet Union, pp. 237, 526.
Sakharov, "Trevozhnoe vremia," Novoe russkoe slovo, June 13, 1980.
Nove, Soviet Economic System, p. 10.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, "Pis'mo vozhdiam Sovetskogo Soiuza" (Letter to the Soviet Leaders), Paris, 1974, p. 41.
Ibid.
Quoted in Bukovskii, I vozvrashchaetsia, p. 322.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, ed., (From Under the Rubble), Boston, 1975, p. 2.
Aleksandr Zinov'ev, Zheltyi dom (The Yellow House), pt. 1, Lausanne, 1980, p. 48.
Pravda, August 13, 1975.
Pravda, October 18, 1979.
Ibid.
Solzhenitsyn, Sobranie sochinenii, 6:202.
B. Demin, "Nenavist* к vragu—neot"emlemaia storona patriotizma sovetskikh voinov" (Hatred for the enemy—an inseparable part of the patriotism of Soviet soldiers), Kommunist vooruzhennykh sil (Communist of the armed forces), no. 3, 1969, p. 63.
Sovetskii patriot (Soviet patriot), November 29, 1972, p. 2.
Pravda, October 18, 1979.
Ibid., April 13, 1970.
Ibid., July 6, 1978.
Vasily Shuisky occupied the Russian throne from 1606 to 1610, when he was overthrown. He fled to Poland and died in Warsaw in 1612.
Vsevolod Kochetov, "Zapisi voennykh let" (Notes from the war years), Oktiabr (October), no. 5, 1965, p. 97.
Avtorkhanov, Sila i bessilie Brezhneva, p. 61.
Pravda, November 17, 1977.
Ibid., May 9, 1976.
Stalin, Sochineniia, vol. 13, Moscow, 1952, p. 235.
Maksim Luzhanin, "Bessonnyi telefon" (The sleepless telephone), Belarus', no. 4, 1977, p. 8.
Izvestiia, September 1, 1980.
Ibid.
Kratkii politicheskii slovar\ p. 108.
Ibid., p. 109.
Izvestiia, October 10, 1977.
Solzhenitsyn, Oak and Calf \ p. 354.
See Le monde, April 30, 1980.
Izvestiia, January 15, 1972.
Pravda, January 11, 1970.
Simis, "Machinery of Corruption," p. 55.
Literaturnaia gazeta, October 15, 1975.
Ibid.
Pravda, February 24, 1981.
Nick Eberstadt, "The Health Crisis in the USSR," New York Review of Books, February 19, 1981, p. 23.
Ibid., p. 25.
Bukovskii, I vozvrashchaetsia, p. 285.
Fridrikh Neznanskii, "Statistika prestupnosti v SSSR" (Crime statistics in the USSR), Posev, no. 5, 1979.
A system of early or conditional release of prisoners was introduced in the mid-1960s for those who would go to work on remote construction sites, usually chemical plants at that time. Thus, prisoners' slang for this system was "to work in chemistry" (na khimii) and such prisoners were called "chemists" (khimiki).
Nedelia (The week), no. 38, 1979.
Voprosy istorii no. 10, 1972.
Literaturnaia gazeta, December 1, 1976.
Ukrains'kii vysnik (Ukrainian herald), Spring 1974 (Baltimore, 1975), p. 7.
Delo Airikiana (The Airikian case), New York, 1977, p. 42.
V. Stanley Vardys, The Catholic Churchy Dissent, and Nationality in Soviet Lithuania, Boulder, 1978, p. 174.
"Interv'iu V. Osipova amerikanskim zhurnalistam" (Interview of Osipov to American journalists), Vestnik RKhD (RKhD herald), no. 106, 1972, p. 295.
See Chapter 3, under "The Emigi^s."
A. Iakovlev, "Protiv antiistorizma" (Against antihistoricism), Literaturnaia gazeta, October 15, 1972.
Izvestiia, July 5, 1980.
Нё1ёпе Саггёге d'Encausse, Lempire ёскиё, Paris, 1978, p. 88.
G. A. Bondarskaia, Rozhdaemost' v SSSR. Etnograficheskii aspekt (The birthrate in the USSR: The ethnographic aspect), Moscow, 1977, pp. 92—93.
Alexandre Bennigsen, "Islam in the USSR," Soviet Jewish Affairs, no. 2, 1979, p. 5.
TsU SSSR, 0 predvaritel'nykh itogakh Vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1979 g. (Preliminary results of the 1979 Ail-Union Census), Moscow, 1979, p. 3.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid. The possibility that these figures have been significandy exaggerated cannot be ruled out.
Pravda, February 24, 1981.
Naselenie SSSR. Po dannym Vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1979 goda (Population of the USSR: Based on data from the 1979 Ail-Union Census), Moscow, 1980, p. 3.
Ibid., p. 23.
Pravda, September 5, 1970.
Nauka i religiia (Science and religion), no. 4, 1979.
Pravda, September 5, 1970.
Vestnik RKhD, no. 130, 1979, p. 275.
Nauka i religiia, no. 6, 1979, pp. 14-15.
Vestnik RKhD, no. 130, p. 278.
Ibid., p. 298.
Ibid., p. 282.
Ibid., p. 281.
D. Dudko, "Na segodniashnii den'" (Unto this day), Posev, no. 7, 1979, p. 37.
Solzhenitsyn, Gulag, 3:346, 356, 400^01.
Novye knigi (New books), no. 25, 1976, p. 58. The album was timed to commemorate the five hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo (1380), in which the Grand Duke of Vladimir and Moscow, Dmitry Ivanovich, defeated the Mongols and the Tatars for the first time.
Molodaia gvardiia, no. 11, 1977, p. 38.
Саггёге d'Encausse, Lempire, p. 229.
SSSR v tsifrakh v 1980 godu, Moscow, 1981.
Bennigsen, "Islam," p. 9.
Quoted in Саггёге d'Encausse, Lempire, p. 245.