Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir, 370, 628n, 693
Borotbist Party, Ukraine, 706, 707–8
Breshko-Breshkovskaya, Ekaterina, 456, 578, 584
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (peace talks: 1918), 468, 540–8, 549–50, 573, 576, 616, 625, 626n, 632, 637n
Briansk, 49, 610
Britain, British, 418, 479, 573–4, 575, 594, 636 and n, 651, 671, 675, 679, 701, 702, 704, 711, 712, 713, 715, 719
Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 74
Brusilov (film), 282
Brusilov, Alexei (son), 697
Brusilov, Boris, 645n
Brusilov, General Alexei, xiii, 59–61, 70, 226, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 262, 266–7, 268, 270, 274, 286, 289, 303, 342, 374, 378, 379–80, 413, 414, 443, 479, 549–50, 560, 606, 609, 641, 695, 696n, 698, 810, 816–18, 820; appointed General-Adjutant by Nicholas II, 259–60; attitudes to revolution, 289, 342, 378, 379–80, 406–7, 479, 549, 560, 816–17; Chairman of Special Conference in command of Western Front, 699 and n; C-in-C of Kerensky’s army, 59, 378, 406–8, 415–18; commander of Eighth Army, 254, 255; death and funeral (1926), 720, 817–18; dismissed as C-in-C, 442, 444; favours modernization of army, 59–61; imprisoned in Lubianka by Cheka, 549, 644–5; joins Red Army (1920), 59, 70, 591, 696–7, 698–9, 716; offensive against Austrians (1916), 279–82; refuses to join Whites, 549, 560, 696, 720; Russian nationalism, 70, 249, 374, 696–9, 716, 816–17; works in Archives office of Red Army, 606; works for People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and Chief Inspectorate of Cavalry, 817
Brusilova, Nadehzda, 253, 255, 266–7, 268, 270, 280, 303, 378, 529, 549, 606, 609, 644–5, 695, 696, 817, 818
Buchanan, George, 350, 445, 488
Buchanan, Meriel, 5, 24
Budberg, Baron Alexei, 654, 655, 586
Budberg, Moura, Baroness Benckendorff, 607
Budenny, Marshal Semen, 670, 817, 818
Bukharin, Nikolai, 291–2, 294, 297, 385, 391, 469, 535, 539, 543–4, 546, 547, 550, 627, 647, 649, 697, 745, 766, 800, 801, 806, 818, 821, 822; and Left Communists 547, 550; and NEP, 769, 770, 792, 807, 814, 815; Trotsky’s friendship with, 292, 296
Bulgakov, Mikhaiclass="underline" The Heart of a Dog, 733n; The White Guard, 555, 556, 706
Bulgakov, Sergei, 208
Bullitt, William, 574n
Bulygin, A. G., 186, 187
Bund, Jewish, 82, 141n, 152, 325
Bunin, Ivan Alexeievich: The Village, 88
Bureaucracy, IMPERIAL: 7, 8, 22, 23, 35–42, 45, 52, 53, 56; counter-reforms of Alexander III, 41–2, 45–6, 52–3, 54; police, 45, 46, 123–4, 227; provincial, 44–7; social background of, 35–7, 39; reformist ideas of, 39–41, 226; SOVIET: 500, 501, 687–90; opposition to October insurrection, 500–1, 504
Buzuluk, 777
Bykhov Monastery, 453, 541, 556, 558, 563
Cannibalism, 777–8
Capri school for Russian workers (1909), 735, 736
Catherine the Great, Empress, 27, 217, 277, 327
Caucasus, 12, 59, 76, 103, 567, 571, 664, 711–16, 753, 757
Chagall, Marc, 736, 739, 740, 749
Chaikovsky, N. V., 136, 412, 652n
Chapaev, V. I., 264, 583
Chayanov, A. V., 105n, 779
Cheka, 510 and n, 512, 525, 527, 528, 534–5, 549, 607, 622–3, 626, 627, 629, 630, 631–2, 633, 635, 640, 641–7, 648, 649, 677, 684, 685, 696 and n, 697, 745, 746, 760, 763, 769, 774, 779, 785, 795, 813, 820; in Left SR uprising, 633–5; renamed GPU, 795; torture used by, 645–7. See also KGB; Red Terror
Chekhov, Anton, 43–4, 47, 50, 51, 159–60; The Cherry Orchard, 47–8; The Criminal, 101; Peasants, 88; The Three Sisters, 44
Cheliabinsk, 577, 654, 753
Cheremukhin, brigade leader, 619, 752
Chernigov, 49, 106, 520
Chernov, Viktor, 20, 21, 161, 180, 323, 364, 383, 420, 429–30, 438, 441, 443, 460, 464, 469, 502, 510, 516, 578, 586, 588n; Delo naroda, 390–1
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 122, 129, 131, 145, 146, 733; The Contemporary, 129; What Is to Be Done?, 123 and n, 130–1, 150, 389
Chicherin, Boris, 40, 126
Chicherin, G. V., 548
Chkheidze, Nikolai, 288, 323, 324, 325, 326, 334, 337, 425, 430, 431–2, 459
Chukovsky, Kornei, 606, 784–5
Church, Russian Orthodox, 14, 28–9, 33, 41, 61–9, 74, 160 and n, 227, 246, 247, 248, 277, 349–50, 755; and Bolsheviks, 745–9; place in tsarist system, 35, 61–4, 69; position of clergy, 63, 67–8; reform movement in, 68; and religious toleration, 68, 69, 227; rural influence, 65–8; urban influence, 64–5
Churchill, Winston, 544 and n
Civil war, 384, 453, 499, 502, 549, 551, 557–8, 562–7, 575, 576–8, 580–1, 583–4, 590, 592, 593, 594, 595, 597, 598, 602–3, 613–14, 615–16, 622, 626, 627, 639, 649, 652–82 passim, 683, 700, 704, 723, 761; Denikin’s offensive and advance on Moscow, 660–70; Kolchak’s offensive, 652–60; Yudenich’s offensive against Petrograd, 670–5, 681; Wrangel’s campaign, 716–20
Classes: see Social structure
Clergy: see Church
Co-operatives, 612, 789–90
Collective and state farms, collectivization, 729–30, 789, 793
Comintern, 550, 701, 769
Committee for the Salvation of Russia and the Revolution, 497, 502
Committee for Struggle Against the Counter-Revolution, Soviet, 452, 455, 480
Committees of the Rural Poor (kombedy), 620–1
Communist Party, Communists, Communism: see Bolshevik Party
Congress of the Peoples of the East (Baku: 1920), 703–4
Constantinople, 247, 249, 380, 680, 712, 719
Constituent Assembly, 82n, 217, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 366, 371, 373, 375, 376, 377, 420, 455, 465, 467, 468, 501, 502, 512, 529, 536n, 550, 568, 570, 576, 578, 580, 581, 585, 588 and n, 616, 625, 672, 759, 761, 811, 812; closure of, 513–17, 518, 519; elections to, 507–9
Constitutional Democratic Party: see Kadet Party
Cossacks, 58, 103, 167, 177, 184, 189, 199, 201, 269, 308, 309, 310, 311, 315, 411, 413, 428, 436, 439, 440, 441, 442, 453, 486, 487, 497, 498, 502, 564, 568, 570, 583, 586, 651, 653, 655, 657, 658, 659, 660–1, 662, 663, 666, 675, 676, 678–9, 710, 719; Don, 556–7, 561–2, 565–6, 567, 570, 571, 575, 670, 679, 710, 753; Kuban, 567, 570–1, 664, 675, 753
Council of Labour and Defence (STO), 688
Courland, 542, 548
Crane, Charles, 650, 651–2
Crimea, 16, 54, 217, 293n, 526, 573, 679, 680, 716–20
Crimean War, 39, 54, 56, 57, 58, 267
Crowds in revolution, 176, 178, 317; composition of, 308, 309, 319–21, 492–4, 495–6; self-organization, 318–19; and violence, 188–9, 321–2, 328, 494–5
Custine, Marquis de, 71, 123