bankers of Canada, and of London and New York bankers on Canadian matters. The
Round Table says of him: "Through his friendship with Lord Milner and others he had at
one time a wide acquaintance among the prominent figures in British public life, and it is
well-known to his intimates that on numerous occasions British ministers, anxious to
secure reliable information about certain Canadian affairs through unofficial channels,
had recourse of Glazebrook.... By precept and example he exercised an immense
influence for good upon the characters and outlook of a number of young Canadians who
had the privilege of his society and knew him as 'The Sage.' Some of them, who have
come to high place in the life of the Dominion, will not be slow to acknowledge the value
of the inspiration and enlightenment which they derived from him. Continually he
preached the doctrine to his young friends that it was their duty, if fortune had placed
them in comfortable circumstances, to give some of their time to the intelligent study of
public affairs and to the service of the community, and he awakened in not a few minds
for the first time the idea that there were better goals in life than the making of money. It
is true that the Round Table Groups which he organized with such enthusiasm have now
faded into oblivion, but many of their members did not lose the zest for an intelligent
study of politics which Glazebrook had implanted in them, and after the last war they
proved keen supporters of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs as an agency for
continuing the political education which Glazebrook had begun."
5. That Curtis consulted with Lord Chelmsford on the planned reforms before Lord
Chelmsford went to India in 1916 was revealed in the House of Lords by Lord Crewe on
12 December 1919, and by Curtis in his book Dyarchy (Oxford, 1920), xxvii.
6. Dyarchy (Oxford, 1920), 74.
7. See R. H. Brand, ed., Letters of John Dove (London, 1938), 115-116.
8. See R. H. Brand, ed., Letters of John Dove (London, 1938), 326, 340.
9. Some of Milner's Canadian speeches in 1908 and in 1912 will be found in The
Nation and the Empire (Boston, 1913). Kerr's speech at Toronto on 30 July 1912 was
published by Glazebrook in June 1917 as an aid to the war effort. It bore on the cover the
inscription "The Round Table in Canada." Curtis's speech, so far as I can determine, is
unpublished.
10. See R. L. Schuyler, "The Rise of Anti-Imperialism in England," in The Political
Science Quarterly (September 1928 and December 1921); O. D. Skelton, Life and Times
of Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt (Toronto, 1920),440; and C. A. Bodelson, Studies in Mid-
Victorian Imperialism (Copenhagen, 1924), 104.
11. All of these papers will be found in The Proceedings of the Royal Colonial
Institute, VI, 36-85; XII, 346-391; and XI, 90-132.
12. The ideas expressed by Lionel Curtis were really Milner's ideas. This was publicly
admitted by Milner in a speech before a conference of British and Dominion
parliamentarians called together by the Empire Parliamentary Association, 28 July 1916.
At this meeting "Milner expressed complete agreement with the general argument of Mr.
Curtis, making lengthy quotations from his book, and also accepted the main lines of his
plan for Imperial Federation. The resulting discussion showed that not a single Dominion
Member present agreed either with Mr. Curtis or Lord Milner." H. D. Hall, The British
Commonwealth of Nations (London, 1920), 166. The whole argument of Curtis's book
was expressed briefly by Milner in 1913 in the Introduction to The Nation and the
Empire.
13. Milner's two letters were in Cecil Headlam, ed., The Milner Papers (2 vols.,
London, 1931-1933), I, 159-160 and 267; On Edward Wood's role, see A. C. Johnson,
Viscount Halifax (New York, 1941), 88-95. The project for devolution on a geographic
basis for political matters and on a functional basis for economic matters was advocated
by The Round Table in an article entitled "Some problems in democracy and
reconstruction' in the issue of September 1917. The former type was accepted by Curtis
as a method for solving the Irish problem and as a method which might well have been
used in solving the Scottish problem in 1707. He wrote: "The continued existence in
Edinburgh and London of provincial executives and legislatures, entrusted respectively
with interests which were strictly Scottish and strictly English, was not incompatible with
the policy of merging Scots and Englishmen in a common state. The possibility of
distinguishing local from general interests had not as yet been realized." Again, he wrote:
"If ever it should prove expedient to unburden the Parliament of the United Kingdom by
delegating to the inhabitants of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales the management of
their own provincial affairs and the condition of Ireland should prove no bar to such a
measure, the Irish problem will once for all have been closed"— The Commonwealth of
Nations (London, 1916), 295,518.
14. R. H. Brand, ed., Letters of John Dove (London, 1938), 321.)
15. "The Financial and Economic Future" in The Round Table (December 1918), IX,
114-134. The quotation is from pages 121-123.
16. The Commonwealth of Nations (London, 1916), 8. This emphasis on duty to the
community is to be found throughout the Milner Group. See, for example, Lord Grey's
violent retort to a Canadian (who tried to belittle A. J. Glazebrook because he made no
real effort to accumulate wealth) in The Round Table obituary of Glazebrook (March
1941 issue). The same idea was advocated by Hichens and Milner to settle the problems
of management and labor within the industrial system. In a speech at Swanwick in 1919,
the former said: "The industrial problem is primarily a moral one.... If we have rights, we
also have duties.... In the industrial world our duty clearly is to regard our work as the
Service which we render to the rest of the community, and it is obvious that we should
give, not grudgingly or of necessity but in full measure" (The Round Table, December
1940, XXXI, 11). Milner's views are in Questions of the Hour (London, 1923).
17. In the August 1911 issue of The Round Table the future Lord Lothian wrote:
"There are at present two codes of international morality—the British or Anglo-Saxon
and the continental or German. Both cannot prevail. If the British Empire is not strong
enough to be a real influence for fair dealing between nations, the reactionary standards
of the German bureaucracy will triumph, and it will then only be a question of time
before the British Empire itself is victimized by an international 'hold-up' on the lines of
the Agadir incident. Unless the British peoples are strong enough to make it impossible
for backward rivals to attack them with any prospect of success, they will have to accept
the political standards of the aggressive military powers" ( The Round Table, August