Kenyatta
JOHN MOSS—BLACK STAR
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1028 I Kerguelen Islands ► Kesselring
his government. He went into hiding, then emigrated to western Europe in 1918. In 1940 he moved to the U.S., where he lectured at universities and wrote books on the revolution.
Kerguelen Vksr-gs-lsnV Islands Archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. It consists of the island of Kerguelen (also called Desolation Island) and about 300 islets, which together cover about 2,400 sq mi (6,200 sq km). Kerguelen Island, about 100 mi (160 km) long, has active glaciers and peaks up to 6,445 ft (1,965 m) high. Discovered in 1772 by the French navi¬ gator Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Tremarec, the archipelago was annexed to France in 1893 and became part of the French Southern and Antarctic Ter¬ ritories in 1955. Port-aux-Fran^ais is a scientific base on the main island.
Kermadec \kor-'ma-dek\ Islands Volcanic island group, South Pacific Ocean. Located northeast of Auckland, N.Z., it includes Raoul, Macau- ley, and Curtis islands and l’Esperance Rock, and it has a total land area of 13 sq mi (34 sq km). Explored in the late 18th century by the British and the French, the islands were annexed to New Zealand in 1887. A meteorological communications station was built on Raoul, the largest island, in 1937, but permanent settlement is discouraged.
Kern, Jerome (David) (b. Jan. 27, 1885, New York, N.Y., U.S.—d. Nov. 11, 1945, New York City) U.S. composer, one of the major U.S. creators of the musical. Kern studied music in his native New York City and in Heidelberg, Ger., and he later gained theatrical experience in Lon¬ don. Returning to New York, he worked as a pianist and salesman for music publishers and wrote new numbers for European operettas. In 1912 he composed The Red Petticoat, the first musical to contain only his own music; its success was surpassed by Very Good Eddie (1915). Subsequent musicals include Oh, Boy! (1917) and Sally (1920). In 1927 his Show Boat, based on Edna Ferber’s novel and with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein, became the first American musical with a serious plot drawn from a lit¬ erary source; it represents a landmark in the history of musical theatre. It was followed by The Cat and the Fiddle (1931), Music in the Air (1932), and Roberta (1933). After 1933 he composed for Hollywood. Kern’s classic songs include “The Song Is You,” “All the Things You Are,” “Smoke Gets in Your Eyes,” and “OP Man River.”
kerogen Vker-o-jonX or kerogen shales or kerogenites
Vker-o-jo-.nltsV Complex mixture of compounds with large molecules con¬ taining mainly hydrogen and carbon but also oxygen, nitrogen, and sul¬ fur. Kerogen is a precursor of petroleum and the organic component of oil shales. It is waxy and insoluble in water; upon heating, it breaks down into recoverable gaseous and liquid substances resembling petroleum. It consists of compacted organic material, such as algae and other low plant forms, pollen, spores and spore coats, and insects.
kerosene or kerosine Organic compound, a clear, oily, highly flam¬ mable liquid with a strong odour, distilled from petroleum (10-25% of total volume). It is a mixture of about 10 different types of fairly simple hydro¬ carbons, depending on its source. It is less volatile than gasoline, boiling at 285-610 °F (140-320 °C). It is burned in lamps, heaters, and furnaces and is used as a fuel or fuel component for diesel and tractor engines, jet engines, and rockets and as a solvent for greases and insecticides.
Kerouac Vker-o-.wakV Jack orig. Jean-Louis Lebris de Ker- ouac (b. March 12, 1922, Lowell, Mass., U.S.—d. Oct. 21, 1969, St. Petersburg, Fla.) U.S. poet and novelist. Bom to a French-Canadian family, he attended Columbia University, served as a merchant seaman, and roamed the U.S. and Mexico before his first book appeared. At Columbia he met Allen Ginsberg and other kindred spirits, and he became a spokes¬ man of what would be dubbed the Beat movement (a term he coined). He celebrated its code of poverty and freedom in On the Road (1957); his best- known novel, and the first written in the nonstop, unedited style that he advocated, it enjoyed a huge success among young people, for whom Ker¬ ouac became a romantic hero. All his novels, including The Dharma Bums (1958), The Subterraneans (1958), and Desolation Angels (1965), are auto¬ biographical. His death at age 47 resulted from alcoholism.
Kerr Vkar, 'kor\, Deborah orig. Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer
(b. Sept. 30, 1921, Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scot.) Scottish actress. After performing in British films such as Major Barbara (1940) and Black Narcissus (1947), she moved to Hollywood, where she was often cast in prim roles, though her part in From Here to Eternity (1953) was a depar¬ ture from her ladylike image. Known for the poise and serenity she exhib¬ ited in portraying complex characters, she appeared in later films including The King and I (1956), Tea and Sympathy (1956), Heaven
Knows, Mr. Allison (1957), Separate Tables (1958), The Sundowners (1960), and The Night of the Iguana (1964). She retired from the screen in 1969. She received a special Academy Award in 1994.
13th century, Java) Last king
Kertanagara X.ker-to-'na-go-roN (fl (1268-92) of Tumapel (Singhasari) in Java. His birth reunited the two halves of the Javanese kingdom, and his name means “Order in the Realm.” To bolster his kingdom against Kublai Khan, he expanded it, marrying a princess of Champa (cen¬ tral Vietnam), sending envoys to Malayu (Sumatra), and conquering Bali. He refused to pay homage to Kublai Khan but was killed by a vas¬ sal before Kublai’s armed forces arrived to punish him. Two early Jav¬ anese chronicles give contradictory pictures of the king: one describes him as drunken and incompetent; the other depicts him as a wise king and zealous follower of Tantric Bud¬ dhism. He is still venerated as one of Java’s greatest rulers.
Kertesz \ker-'tesh\, Andre (b.
July 2, 1894, Budapest, Austro- Hungarian Empire—d. Sept. 27,
1985, New York, N.Y., U.S.)
Hungarian-born U.S. photographer and photojournalist. He moved from Budapest to Paris in 1925 in search of opportunity and became a major contributor to European illustrated periodicals. He became friendly with many influential artists, including Marc Chagall and Piet Mondrian; his access to such figures allowed him to create a definitive portrait of the Parisian cultural milieu of the period.
In 1928 he bought a Leica, a small
handheld camera. The lightweight camera gave him the freedom to move about the streets of Paris and capture spontaneous moments of urban life, a subject that would fascinate him throughout his career. He arrived in New York City in 1936 intending to work for a commercial studio for a year, but stayed on, doing largely fashion photography for major U.S. magazines. He returned to his pursuit of urban life c. 1962, and in 1964 the Museum of Modem Art gave an exhibition of his works. His spontaneous, unposed pictures exerted a strong influence on magazine photography.
Stone sculpture thought to be Kertana¬ gara in the form of hari-hara ardha- nari, c. early 14th century; acquired by the Museum fur Volker Kunde, Berlin, in 1865.
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kerygma and catechesis Vko-'rig-mo, , kir-ig-m3...,ka-t3- , ke-s3s\ In Christian theology, literally, preaching and teaching. Kerygma means the proclamation of the Gospel, especially by the Apostles as recorded in the New Testament. In the early church, catechesis referred to the oral instruc¬ tion (geared to the general absence of literacy) given before baptism to those who had accepted the message of salvation. As the practice of infant baptism spread, a shift took place to teaching the already baptized in preparation for full adult membership, and churches developed statements of basic doctrine called catechisms.
Kesey Vke-ze\, Ken (Elton) (b. Sept. 17, 1935, La Junta, Colo., U.S.—d. Nov. 10, 2001, Eugene, Ore.) U.S. writer. He attended Stanford University and later served as an experimental subject and aide in a hos¬ pital, an experience that led to his novel One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1962; film, 1975), which in the U.S. became one of the most widely read books of the 1960s. It was followed by Sometimes a Great Notion (1964) and several works of nonfiction that detailed Kesey’s transformation from novelist to guru of the hippie generation. They recount psychedelic, fancy- free travels on a brightly painted bus with a group of friends, relatives, and fans who called themselves the Merry Pranksters. Their story is recounted in Tom Wolfe’s Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (1968), itself a minor classic of the era.