Mailer, 1968
NEWSWEEK PHOTO BY BERNARD GOTFRYD, COPYRIGHT NEWSWEEK, 1968
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1172 I Maine ► Major
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cially in the southwestern coastal region. Its economy is based on agri¬ culture and natural resources. Chief products include timber and wood products, potatoes, and lobsters. Tourism is also an important source of income.
Maine, destruction of the (Feb. 15, 1898) Incident preceding the Spanish-American War in which a mysterious explosion sank the U.S. battleship Maine in the harbour of Havana, Cuba, killing 260 sailors. The U.S. had sent the Maine to Havana in January 1898 to protect U.S. citi¬ zens and property after riots in Cuba’s struggle for independence from Spain. U.S. anti-Spanish sentiment was inflamed by tabloid newspapers proclaiming “Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!”; armed interven¬ tion followed in April. It is now believed that the explosion was caused internally.
Maine, Sir Henry (Janies Sumner) (b. Aug. 15, 1822, Kelso, Roxburgh, Scot.—d. Feb. 3, 1888, Cannes, France) British jurist and legal historian. He taught civil law at the University of Cambridge (1847-54) and lectured on Roman law at the Inns of Court. These lectures became the basis of his Ancient Law (1861) and Early History of Institutions (1875), which influenced both political theory and anthropology. In 1869 he became the first professor of comparative jurisprudence at the Univer¬ sity of Oxford; in 1887 he became professor of international law at Cam¬ bridge. As a member of the council of the governor-general of India (1863-69), he shaped plans for the codification of Indian law. He was knighted in 1871.
Maine coon cat North America’s only native breed of longhaired domestic cat. Though its origins are unknown, it was first shown in Bos¬ ton in 1878. Maines are large, muscular, and heavy-boned; they may have been named for their raccoon-like tail. Excellent mousers, they are known for their gentleness, intelligence, and kind disposition, and are especially good with children and dogs. Most are brown tabbies.
mainframe Digital computer designed for high-speed data processing with heavy use of input/output units such as large-capacity disks and printers. They have been used for such applications as payroll computa¬ tions, accounting, business transactions, information retrieval, airline seat reservations, and scientific and engineering computations. Mainframe sys¬ tems, with remote “dumb” terminals, have been displaced in many appli¬ cations by CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE.
Maintenon \ma n -td-'no n \, Francoise d'Aubigne, marchioness
de known as Madame de Maintenon (baptized Nov. 28, 1635, Niort, Poitou, France—d. April 15, 1719, Saint-Cyr) Second wife of Louis XIV of France. After enduring an impoverished childhood, she married the poet Paul Scarron, 25 years her senior, in 1652. She presided over Scarron’s literary salon, where she was intellectually formed. Widowed in 1660, she was left penniless, but with the help of influential friends she became governess in 1668 to the king’s children born to his mistress, the marchioness de Montespan (1641-1707). In 1675 Louis bestowed the title of the Chateau de Maintenon and lands on her, and after the queen’s death in 1683 he secretly married her, either in 1683 or 1697. Although she was blamed for being a bad influence on Louis politically, she maintained a climate of decency, dignity, and piety around him.
Mainz VmlntsX French Mayence \ma-'ya n s\ City (pop., 2002 est.: 185,293), west-central Germany. Situated on the Rhine River opposite the mouth of the Main River, it was established as a Roman military camp c. 14 bc on the site of an earlier Celtic settlement. It became an archbish¬ opric in ad 775, a free city in 1244, and the head of the Rhenish League in 1254. It was under French rule from 1797 to 1816 and then passed to Hesse-Darmstadt. It served as a fortress of the German Confederation and later of the German Empire until 1918. Severely damaged during World War II, it was rebuilt. The birthplace of Johannes Gutenberg, it is the seat of Johannes Gutenberg University.
maiolica See majolica
Maipuran languages See Arawakan languages
Maistre VmestrA, Joseph de (b. April 1,1753, Chambery, France—d. Feb. 26, 1821, Turin, kingdom of Sardinia) French polemical writer and diplomat. A member of the Savoy senate, he moved to Switzerland after the French invasion of Savoy in 1792. He served under the king of Sar¬ dinia as envoy to Russia (1803—17), then settled in Turin as chief mag¬ istrate and minister of state of the Sardinian kingdom. He was an exponent of the absolutist, conservative tradition and opposed the progress of sci¬
ence and liberal beliefs in such works as Essay on the Generative Prin¬ ciple of Political Constitutions (1814), On the Pope (1819), and The St. Petersburg Dialogues (1821). It was as a logical thinker, pursuing con¬ sequences from an accepted premise, that Maistre excelled.
Maitland, Frederic William (b. May 28, 1850, London, Eng.—d. Dec. 19, 1906, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain) British legal historian. He practiced law in London before joining the faculty of the University of Cambridge (1888). With Frederick Pollock he wrote History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I (1895), which became a standard author¬ ity on the subject. In 1887 he helped found the Selden Society for the study of English law.
Maitland (of Lethington), William (b. c. 1528, probably Lething- ton. East Lothian, Scot.—d. June 9?, 1573, Leith, Midlothian) Scottish statesman. As secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots (1560), he sought to unite the realms of England and Scotland by securing Mary recognition as the successor to Elizabeth I. With that aim, he supported the murders of David Riccio and Lord Darnley, and he joined a coalition of Protestant and Catho¬ lic nobles. After Mary fled to England in 1568, Maitland tried to restore her to power and broke with the supporters of the infant King James VI (later James I). In the ensuing civil war, he held Edinburgh Castle until forced to surrender; he died in prison.
Maitreya \ml-'tra-y3\ In Buddhist tradition, the future Buddha who will descend to earth to preach again the dharma (law) when the teachings of the Buddha Gautama have com¬ pletely decayed. Until then, Maitreya is believed to be a bodhisattva resid¬ ing in the Tusita heaven. Mentioned in scriptures from the 3rd century ad, he is the earliest bodhisattva around whom a cult developed and is still the only one generally honored by the Theravada tradition. His images, found throughout the Buddhist world, convey an air of expectancy and promise.
maize See corn
Majapahit empire \,ma-ja-'pa- hit\ (13th—16th century) Last Indian - ized kingdom in Indonesia, based in eastern Java. It was founded by Vijaya, a prince of Singhasari who collaborated with the invading Mon¬ gol troops of Kublai Khan (see Ker- tanagara) to defeat a rival and then drove the Mongols out. Some scholars believe that Majapahit territory included present-day Indonesia and part of Malaysia; others maintain that it was confined to eastern Java and Bali. It reached its height in the mid- 14th century under King Hay am Wuruk and his prime minister Gajah Mada. The rise of the Islamic states along the northern Java coast brought the empire to an end.