Moore, Ely (b. July 4, 1798, near Belvidere, N.J., U.S.—d. Jan. 27, 1860, Lecompton, Kansas Territory) U.S. publisher. A printer and news¬ paper editor, he was elected the first president of New York’s federation of craft unions (1833). The following year he was elected chairman of the National Trades Union, which joined with Tammany Hall to elect him to the U.S. House of Representatives. In the House he helped generate sup¬ port for the 10-hour workday. When his second term expired in 1839, he became surveyor of the port of New York and then editor of the Warren Journal in New Jersey.
Moore, G(eorge) E(dward) (b. Nov. 4,1873, London, Eng.—d. Oct. 24, 1958, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) British philosopher, one of the founders of analytic philosophy. While a fellow at the University of Cam¬ bridge (1898-1904), he published two influential papers, “The Nature of Judgment” (1899) and “The Refutation of Idealism” (1903), that did much to break the hold of absolute idealism on British philosophy. Also published during this period was his major ethical work, Principia Ethica (1903), in which he argued that “good” is a simple and unanalyzable quality that is knowable by direct apprehension. His intuitionism was the dominant meta- ethical position in Britain for the next 30 years, and it exerted considerable influence within the Bloomsbury group of artists and intellectuals. In epis¬ temology, Moore is remembered for his “common sense” philosophy, according to which human beings know to be true many propositions about themselves and the world that are inconsistent with idealist and skeptical doctrines (e.g., “The Earth has existed for many years”). His general posi¬ tion was that, because no argument for idealism or skepticism is as certain as the commonsense view, idealism and skepticism can be rejected out of hand. He was professor of philosophy at Cambridge from 1925 to 1939. From 1921 to 1947 he edited the journal Mind.
Moore, Henry (b. July 30, 1898, Castleford, Eng.—d. Aug. 31, 1986, Much Hadham) English sculptor and graphic artist. The son of a coal miner, he was enabled to study at the Royal College of Art by a rehabili¬ tation grant after being wounded in World War I. His early works were strongly influenced by the Mayan sculpture he saw in a Paris museum. From c. 1931 on he experimented with abstract art, combining abstract shapes with the human figure and at times leaving the human figure behind
altogether. When materials grew scarce during World War II, he concen¬ trated on drawings of Londoners sheltering from bombs in Underground stations. Commissions for a Madonna and Child and a family group turned his style from abstraction to the more humanistic approach that became the basis of his international reputation. He returned to experi¬ mentation in the 1950s with angular, pierced standing figures in bronze. Much of his work is monumental, and he is particularly well known for a series of reclining nudes. Among his major commissions were sculp¬ tures for UNESCO’s Paris headquarters (1957-58), Lincoln Center (1963-65), and the National Gallery of Art (1978).
Moore, Marianne (Craig) (b. Nov. 15, 1887, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.—d. Feb. 5, 1972, New York City, N.Y.) U.S. poet. She attended Bryn Mawr College and later settled in Brooklyn, N.Y., with her mother.
After 1919 she devoted herself to writing, contributing poetry and criticism to many journals. She edited the influential journal The Dial (1925-29). Her poetry volumes include Observations (1924) and Collected Poems (1951, Pulitzer and Bollingen Prizes, National Book Award). In her highly disciplined poems she distilled moral and intel¬ lectual insights from close observa¬ tion of objective detail, especially in the animal world, often in innovative stanzaic forms. In her much- anthologized “Poetry” (1921) she called for poems that present “imagi¬ nary gardens with real toads in them.” In her late years the winningly eccentric Moore, in her cape and tricomered hat, became an icon of sprightly gentility.
Moore, Mary Tyler (b. Dec. 29, 1936, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y., U.S.) U.S. television and film actress. She studied dance and appeared in commercials and in minor roles on television before costarring in the hit Dick Van Dyke Show (1961-66; two Emmy Awards). She achieved even greater success as the star of The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970-77; four Emmy Awards), which became the most popular situation comedy of the 1970s. She also won an Emmy for her role in the television miniseries Stolen Babies (1993). Her films include Ordinary People (1980) and Flirt¬ ing with Disaster (1996).
Moore, Stanford (b. Sept. 4, 1913, Chicago, Ill., U.S.—d. Aug. 23, 1982, New York, N.Y.) U.S. biochemist. He shared a 1972 Nobel Prize with Christian Anfinsen (1916-95) and William Stein (1911-80) for research on the molecular structures of proteins. He is best known for his applications of chromatography to the analysis of amino acids and peptides obtained from proteins and biological fluids and for the use of those analyses in determining the structure of the enzyme ribonuclease.
Moore, Thomas (b. May 28, 1779, Dublin, Ire.—d. Feb. 25, 1852, Wiltshire, Eng.) Irish poet, satirist, composer, and singer. Moore gradu¬ ated from Trinity College and studied law in London, where he became a close friend of Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. His collections Irish Melodies and National Airs (1807-34) consist of 130 original poems set to folk melodies, including “The Minstrel Boy,” “Believe Me, if All Those Endearing Young Charms,” and “The Last Rose of Summer.” Performed by Moore for London’s aristocracy, they aroused sympathy and support for Irish nationalists. His reputation among his contemporaries rivaled that of Byron and Walter Scott. His poem Lalla Rookh (1817), a romantic Oriental fantasy, became the most translated poem of its time. In 1824 he was entrusted with Byron’s memoirs; he burned them, presumably to pro¬ tect Byron. He later published biographies of Byron and others, as well as a History of Ireland (1827).
moorhen or common gallinule Bird of the migratory gallinule spe¬ cies ( Gallinula chloropus, family Rallidae) of Europe, Africa, and east¬ ern North America. Moorhens are blackish and have a scarlet frontal shield (fleshy plate on the forehead). In North America, the moorhen is sometimes called the Florida gallinule.
moose Largest species ( Alces alces) in the deer family (Cervidae), found in northern North America and Eurasia. It is called elk in Europe. Moose
Marianne Moore, 1957
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© 2006 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
1292 I Moose River ► Moravia
have long legs, a bulbous and mobile muzzle, short neck and tail, and a brown, shaggy, coarse coat. They stand 5-7 ft (1.5-2 m) tall and weigh up to 1,800 lb (820 kg). Males have enormous flattened, tined antlers that are shed and regrown annually.
Moose wade in forest-edged lakes and streams, eating submerged aquatic plants, and browse on leaves, twigs, and bark. They are usually solitary, but North American moose often assemble in bands in winter.
They range throughout the Canadian coniferous forests and those of the northern U.S. They have been protected from extermination by regulation of hunting. See also wapiti.
Moose River River, northeastern Ontario, Canada. It flows northeast for more than 60 mi (100 km) to empty into James Bay. A wide stream, it is actually the estuary for several rivers, including the Abitibi and Matt- agami.
moraine \m3-'ran\ Accumulation of rock debris (till) carried or depos¬ ited by a glacier. The material may range in size from blocks or boulders to sand and clay, is unstratified when dropped by the glacier, and shows no sorting or bedding. Several kinds of moraines are recognized, depend¬ ing on how they are deposited by the glacier; these include lateral moraines along the margins of the glacier and terminal moraines at its leading edge.