Newsweek U.S. weekly newsmagazine, published in New York City. Founded (as News-Week) in 1933 by Thomas J.C. Martyn, a former edi¬ tor of Time, it merged with Today magazine in 1937. It initially offered a rather drab survey of the news with columns of analysis. After World War II it grew livelier, especially after its purchase by Philip Graham, pub¬ lisher of The Washington Post, in 1961. It has a strong reputation for accurate, brisk, and vivid reporting and, like Time , presents news in terse summary form, organized by departments.
newt or eft Any of more than 40 salamander species (family Salaman- dridae) prevalent in the southeastern U.S. and Mexico and also found in Asia and Great Britain. Aquatic spe¬ cies are called newts; terrestrial spe¬ cies are called efts. Newts have a long, slender body, and the tail is higher than it is wide. They eat earth¬ worms, insects, snails, and other small animals. Both aquatic and ter¬ restrial species breed in ponds. The three species (genus Triturus) in Britain are sometimes called tritons.
The red eft ( Notophthalmus viride- scens ) of eastern North America is bright red during its terrestrial youth, after which it becomes permanently aquatic and dull green.
newton Absolute unit of force, abbreviated N, in the metre-kilogram-second (MKS) system of physical units (see International System of Units). It is defined as the force neces¬ sary to provide a mass of 1 kg with an acceleration of 1 m per second per second. One newton is equal to a force of 100,000 dynes in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system, or a force of about 0.2248 lb in the foot-pound-second (English or U.S.) system. It is named for Isaac Newton, whose second law of motion describes the changes a force can produce in the motion of a body.
Newton, Huey P(ercy) (b. Feb. 17, 1942, Monroe, La., U.S.—d. Aug. 22, 1989, Oakland, Calif.) U.S. African American activist. Though illiterate when he graduated from high school, he taught himself to read before attending college. He met Bobby Seale (b. 1936) while attending the San Francisco School of Law, and in 1966 they formed the Black Pan¬ ther Party. In 1974 Newton was accused of murder and fled to Cuba; on his return in 1977, he was freed after two trials ended in hung juries. In 1980 he received a doctorate in social philosophy from the University of California at Santa Cruz. In 1989 he was sentenced to six months in jail
Warty newt (Triturus cristatus)
TONI ANGERMAYER
© 2006 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
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for misusing money intended for a Black Panther-founded school; later that year he was discovered shot dead on a street in Oakland, Calif.
Newton, Sir Isaac (b. Jan. 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, Eng.—d. March 31, 1727, London) English physicist and mathematician. The son of a yeoman, he was raised by his grandmother. He was educated at Cambridge University (1661-65), where he discovered the work of Rene Descartes. His experiments passing sunlight through a prism led to the dis¬ covery of the heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light and laid the foundation of physical optics. He built the first reflecting telescope in 1668 and became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge in 1669. He worked out the fundamentals of calculus, though this work went unpublished for more than 30 years. His most famous publication, Principia Mathematica (1687), grew out of correspondence with Edmond Halley. Describing his works on the laws of motion (see Newton's laws of motion), orbital dynam¬ ics, tidal theory, and the theory of universal gravitation, it is regarded as the seminal work of modern science. He was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1703 and became the first scientist ever to be knighted in 1705. During his career he engaged in heated arguments with several of his colleagues, including Robert Hooke (over authorship of the inverse square relation of gravitation) and G.W. Leibniz (over the authorship of cal¬ culus). The battle with Leibniz dominated the last 25 years of his life; it is now well established that Newton developed calculus first, but that Leibniz was the first to publish on the subject. Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time.
Newton's law of gravitation Statement that any particle of mat¬ ter in the universe attracts any other with a force ( F) that is proportional to the product of their masses (m 1 and m 2 ) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance ( R ) between them. In symbols: F = G(m l m 2 )/ R 2 , where G is the gravitational constant. Isaac Newton put forth the law in 1687 and used it to explain the observed motions of the planets and their moons, which had been reduced to mathematical form by Johannes Kepler early in the 17th century.
Newton's laws of motion Relations between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body, formulated by Isaac Newton. The laws describe only the motion of a body as a whole and are valid only for motions relative to a reference frame. Usually, the reference frame is the Earth. The first law, also called the law of inertia, states that if a body is at rest or moving at constant speed in a straight line, it will continue to do so unless it is acted upon by a force. The second law states that the force F acting on a body is equal to the mass m of the body times its acceleration a, or F = ma. The third law, also called the action-reaction law, states that the actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Newtown Saint Boswells Vnut- 3 n-s3nt-'baz-w3lz\ Village (pop., 1991: 1,108), Scottish Borders council area, historic county of Roxburghs¬ hire, southeastern Scotland. It lies on the Edinburgh-Carlisle railway. Before 1929 its population consisted mainly of railroad employees. Since then its main function has changed to local governmental administration, and it has important livestock sales and a campus of Borders College. Dryburgh Abbey, founded in 1150, has the tombs of Sir Walter Scott and Field Marshal Douglas Haig.
Newtownabbey X.niit^n-'a-beX Town and district (pop., 2001: 79,995), eastern Northern Ireland, established in 1973. The town was formed in 1958 from seven villages and is a residential continuation of Belfast. It is surrounded by modern industrial complexes that manufacture tires, telephones, and textiles. The district’s light agricultural activity is centred around the administrative seat of Ballyclare.
Newtownards \,nut- 3 n-'ardz\ Town (pop., 1991: 24,301), district seat of Ards, Northern Ireland. Settled in 1608 on the site of a ruined mon¬ astery, it is located east of Belfast. It is now a manufacturing centre.
Ney, Michel, duke d'Elchingen (b. Jan. 10, 1769, Sarrelouis, France—d. Dec. 7, 1815, Paris) French army officer, the best-known of Napoleon’s marshals. He distinguished himself in the French Revolution¬ ary Wars and rose to general in 1799. A supporter of Napoleon, he was created marshal of France in 1804 and duke d’Elchingen in 1808 after victories in the Napoleonic Wars. He led French forces in the Battle of Friedland (1807) and at the Battle of Borodino (1812). In the French retreat from Moscow, he courageously commanded the exposed rear guard and earned Napoleon’s praise as “the bravest of the brave.” After Napoleon’s abdication, Ney favoured Louis XVIII but rallied to Napoleon’s support in