1714) ridicules fashionable society.
The great labour of his life was his verse translation of Homer’s Iliad (1720) and Odyssey (1726), whose success made him financially secure.
He became involved in many literary battles, prompting him to write poems such as the scathing mock-
\lexander Pope, portrait by Thomas Hudson; in the National Portrait Gal- ery, London
© 2006 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Popes and Antipopes 1 (antipopes in italics)
Peter
?-c.64
Sabinian
604-6
Leo VIII 4
963-65
Nicholas III
1277-80
Linus
c.67-76/79
Boniface III
607
Benedict V 4
964-66?
Martin IV 6
1281-85
Anacletus
76-88 or
Boniface IV
608-15
John XIII
965-72
Honorius IV
1285-87
79-91
Deusdedit (also called
Benedict VI
973-74
Nicholas IV
1288-92
Clement 1
88-97 or
Adeodatus 1)
615-18
Boniface VII (1st time)
974
Celestine V
1294
92-101
Boniface V
619-25
Benedict VII
974-83
Boniface VIII
1294-1303
Evaristus
c.97-c.l07
Honorius 1
625-38
John XIV
983-84
Benedict XI
1303-4
Alexander 1
105-115 or
Severinus
640
Boniface VII (2nd time)
984-85
Clement V (at Avignon,
109-119
John IV
640-42
John XV (or XVI) 5
985-96
from 1309)
1305-14
Sixtus 1
c.l 15-C.125
Theodore 1
642-49
Gregory V
996-99
John XXII 5 (at Avignon)
1316-34
Telesphorus
c.125-c.136
Martin 1
649-55
John XVI (or XVIII s
997-98
Nicholas (V) (at Rome)
1328-30
Hyginus
c.l 36-C.140
Eugenius 1
654-57
Sylvester II
999-1003
Benedict XII (at Avignon)
1334-42
Pius 1
c.l 40-55
Vitalian
657-72
John XVII (or XVIII) 5
1003
Clement VI (at Avignon)
1342-52
Anicetus
c.155-c.166
Adeodatus II
672-76
John XVIII (or XIX) 5
1004-9
Innocent VI (at Avignon)
1352-62
Soter
c.166-c.175
Donus
676-78
Sergius IV
1009-12
Urban V (at Avignon)
1362-70
Eleutherius
c.l 75-89
Agatho
678-81
Gregory (VI)
1012
Gregory XI (at Avignon,
Victor 1
c.l 89-99
Leo II
682-83
Benedict VIII
1012-24
then Rome from 1377)
1370-78
Zephyrinus
c.l 99-217
Benedict II
684-85
John XIX (or XX) 5
1024-32
Urban VI
1378-89
Calixtus 1 (Callistus)
217?-22
John V
685-86
Benedict IX (1st time)
1032-44
Clement (VII) (at Avignon)
1378-94
Hippolytus
217, 18-235
Conon
686-87
Sylvester III
1045
Boniface IX
1389-1404
Urban 1
222-30
Sergius 1
687-701
Benedict IX (2nd time)
1045
Benedict (XIII) (at Avignon)
1394-1423
Pontian
230-35
Theodore
687
Gregory VI
1045-46
Innocent VII
1404-6
Anterus
235-36
Paschal
687
Clement II
1046-47
Gregory XII
1406-15
Fabian
236-50
John VI
701-5
Benedict IX (3rd time)
1047-48
Alexander (V) (at Bologna)
1409-10
Cornelius
251-53
John VII
705-7
Damasus II
1048
John (XXIII) (at Bologna)
1410-15
Novation
251
Sisinnius
708
Leo IX
1049-54
Martin V 6
1417-31
Lucius 1
253-54
Constantine
708-15
Victor II
1055-57
Clement (VIII)
1423-29
Stephen 1
254-57
Gregory II
715-31
Stephen IX (or X) 3
1057-58
Eugenius IV
1431-47
Sixtus II
257-58
Gregory III
731-41
Benedict X
1058-59
Felix (V) (also called
Dionysius
259-68
Zacharias (Zachary)
741-52
Nicholas II
1059-61
Amadeus VIII of Savoy)
1439-49
Felix 1
269-74
Stephen (II) 3
752
Alexander II
1061-73
Nicholas V
1447-55
Eutychian
275-83
Stephen II (or III) 3
752-57
Honorius (II)
1061-72
Calixtus III (Callistus)
1455-58
Gaius
283-96
Paul 1
757-67
Gregory VII
1073-85
Pius II
1458-64
Marcellinus
291/96-304
Constantine (II)
767-68
Clement (III)
1080-1100
Paul II
1464-71
Marcellus 1
308-9
Philip
768
Victor III
1086-87
Sixtus IV
1471-84
Eusebius
309/10
Stephen III (or IV) 3
768-72
Urban II
1088-99
Innocent VIII
1484-92
Miltiades (Melchiades)
311-14
Adrian 1
772-95
Paschal II
1099-1118
Alexander VI
1492-1503
Sylvester 1
314-35
Leo III
795-816
Theodoric
1100-2
Pius III
1503
Mark
336
Stephen IV (or V) 3
816-17
Albert (Aleric)
1102
Julius II
1503-13
Julius 1
337-52
Paschal 1
817-24
Sylvester (IV)
1105-11
Leo X
1513-21
Liberius
352-66
Eugenius II
824-27
Gelasius II
1118-19
Adrian VI
1522-23
Felix (II)
355-58
Valentine
827
Gregory (VIII)
1118-21
Clement VII
1523-34
Damasus 1
366-84
Gregory IV
827-44
Calixtus II (Callistus)
1119-24
Paul III
1534-49
Ursinus
366-67
John
844
Honorius II
1124-30
Julius III
1550-55
Siricius
384-99
Sergius II
844-47
Celestine (II)
1124
Marcellus II
1555
Anastasius 1
399-401
Leo IV
847-55
Innocent II
1130-43
Paul IV
1555-59
Innocent 1
401-17
Benedict III
855-58
Anacletus (II)
1130-38
Pius IV
1559-65
Zosimus
417-18
Anastasius (the Librarian)
855
Victor (IV)
1138
Pius V
1566-72
Boniface 1
418-22
Nicholas 1
858-67
Celestine II
1143-44
Gregory XIII
1572-85
Eulalius
418-19
Adrian II
867-72
Lucius II
1144-45
Sixtus V
1585-90
Celestine 1
422-32
John VIII
872-82
Eugenius III
1145-53
Urban VII
1590
Sixtus III
432-40
Marinus 1
882-84
Anastasius IV
1153-54
Gregory XIV
1590-91
Leo 1
440-61
Adrian III
884-85
Adrian IV
1154-59
Innocent IX
1591
Hilary
461-68
Stephen V (or VI) 3
885-91
Alexander III
1159-81
Clement VIII
1592-1605
Simplicius
468-83
Formosus
891-96
Victor (IV)
1159-64