Shu \'shii\ In Egyptian religion, the god of the air and supporter of the sky, created by the god Atum. Shu and his sister Tefnut (goddess of moisture) were the first couple of the group of nine gods called the Ennead of Heliopolis. Of their union were born Geb and Nut. Shu was portrayed in human form with an ostrich feather on his head. He was often represented supporting with uplifted arms the body of Nut arched above him. Later he was frequently termed the son of Re, and he was also identified with Onuris, a warrior god.
Shu (907 -65) Ancient name for Sichuan and the name of two of the 10 kingdoms included in China’s Ten Kingdoms period (907-c. 980), spe¬ cifically the Qian (Former) Shu (907-25) and the Hou (Later) Shu (934- 65). The kingdom of Shu was located in present-day Sichuan. Aside from 10 years of instability that occurred between the two Shu regimes, the area experienced peace and prosperity. Poetry flourished, as did Buddhism and Taoism. See also Five Dynasties, Three Kingdoms.
Shu ching See Shu jing Shu Maung See U Ne Win
Shubert Brothers U.S. theatrical managers and producers. After emi¬ grating from Russia with their parents in 1882, the two oldest brothers, Lee (1872-1953) and Sam (c. 1875-1905), leased theatres and presented plays in Syracuse, N.Y., in the 1890s. By 1900 Jacob (1880-1963) had joined the business, and the brothers leased their first theatres in New York City. Coming into conflict with the Theatrical Syndicate, which controlled U.S. theatrical bookings, they led an independent movement to fight the syndicate and prevailed after a long legal battle. After Sam’s death, Lee and Jacob built theatres across the U.S. and came to own more than 60 legitimate houses and many vaudeville and movie theatres. They produced more than 1,000 different shows, including 600 plays, revues, and musi¬ cals. Theatrical unions such as Actors’ Equity were formed in response to their often sharp business practices. Charged with monopoly practices in 1950, they sold a number of theatres in 1956 but retained prestigious houses in many cities.
Shubra al-Khaymah \shu-'bra-el-'ka-m9\ City (pop., 1996: 870,716), Egypt. It is a northern suburb of Cairo, on the eastern bank of the Nile River. It was formerly a marketplace supplying Cairo with agri¬ cultural produce from the rich delta area. In the 1820s the Ottoman vice¬ roy of Egypt built the country’s first European-style factories and schools there, and it developed as an industrial centre. The city lies west of the southern terminus of the Isma'iliyyah Canal, which links the Suez Canal with the Nile.
Shudra Vsu-dro, 'shii-droX or Sudra Fourth and lowest of the varnas, or social classes, of Hindu India. Traditionally composed of artisans and labourers, it probably originally included all conquered peoples of the Indus civilization as they were assimilated into the caste system. Members are not permitted to participate in the upanayana and thus cannot study the Vedas. The high end of the Shudra includes some landowners; at the low end are untouchables. See also Brahman; Kshatriya; Vaishya.
shuffleboard Game in which two or four players use long-handled cues to shove disks into scoring areas of a diagram marked on a flat,
Peneus setiferus , an edible shrimp
MARINELAND OF FLORIDA
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1746 I Shugen-do ► Sibelius
smooth surface (6 x 52 ft [1.8 x 15.8 m]). It was popular in England as early as the 15th century, especially with the aristocracy; it later became popular as a deck game among travelers on ocean liners and cruise ships. The current form of the game was defined at St. Petersburg, Fla., U.S., in
Shugen-do Vshii-'gen-'doN Japanese religious tradition combining folk beliefs with Shinto, Buddhism, and elements of Daoism. The practitioner engages in spiritual and physical disciplines to attain power against evil spirits. Shugen-do flourished in the Heian period and allied itself with the esoteric schools of Buddhism, Tendai (Chinese Tiantai), and Shingon. Many Buddhist priests belonging to esoteric traditions regularly devel¬ oped Shugen-do techniques, and Shugen-do practitioners often served as Shinto priests. The government abolished Shugen-do in 1872. After 1945, with the establishment of religious freedom, some Shugen-do groups attempted a revival, but the tradition’s membership and influence remain greatly diminished.
Shujing or Shu-ching \'shu-'jiq\ One of the Five Classics of Chinese antiquity. Documenting China’s ancient history, the Shujing contains the oldest Chinese writing of its kind. It consists of 58 chapters, of which 33 are generally considered authentic works of the 4th century bc or earlier. The first 5 chapters purport to preserve the sayings and recall the deeds of emperors who reigned during China’s legendary golden age; the next 4 are devoted to the Xia dynasty; the next 17 chapters deal with the Shang dynasty; and the final 32 chapters cover the Western Zhou dynasty.
Shula, Don(ald Francis) (b. Jan. 4, 1930, Grand River, Ohio, U.S.) U.S. football coach. He played football for John Carroll University and the Baltimore Colts and other NFL clubs. After coaching collegiate foot¬ ball, he became head coach of the Colts (1963-69); under Shula the team won 71 games, lost 23, and tied 4. As coach of the Miami Dolphins (1970-96), he became the first NFL coach to win 100 games in 10 sea¬ sons; in 1972-73 the Dolphins became the first team to go undefeated through an entire season and the play-offs, culminating in a Super Bowl victory. Shula holds the all-time NFL record for victories, with 347.
Shull, George Harrison (b. April 15, 1874, Clark county, Ohio, U.S.—d. Sept. 28, 1954, Princeton, N.J.) U.S. botanist and geneticist. He acquired his doctorate in 1904 and worked thereafter primarily for the Carnegie Institute at Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., and at Princeton Univer¬ sity. He developed a method of breeding corn that made the seed capable of thriving under various soil and climatic conditions, as a result of which com yields per acre were increased 25-50%. Shull developed his first hybrids before 1910, though commercial production did not begin until 1922. He founded the journal Genetics in 1916. See also Edward Murray East.
Shun \'shun\ In Chinese mythology, one of the three legendary emper¬ ors, along with Yao and Da Yu, of the golden age of antiquity (c. 23rd century bc), singled out by Confucius as models of integrity and virtue. Though his father repeatedly tried to murder him, Shun remained loyal to him. Because heaven and earth knew of Shun’s virtue, animals assisted him in all his labours. The emperor Yao bypassed his own son to select Shun as his successor, and he gave Shun his two daughters in marriage. Shun is credited with standardizing weights and measures, regulating waterways, and organizing the kingdom into provinces.
Shute, Nevil orig. Nevil Shute Norway (b. Jan. 17, 1899, Ealing, Middlesex, Eng.—d. Jan. 12, 1960, Melbourne, Vic., Australia) English- born Australian novelist. Trained as an aeronautical engineer, Shute drew on technical detail in his fiction. His early works include So Disdained (1928) and What Happened to the Corbetts (1939), a foretaste of the bombing of civilians in World War II. After the war he settled in Austra¬ lia, where he set his later novels. Reflecting a growing despair about the future of humanity, they include A Town Like Alice (1950; film, 1956) and his best-known work, On The Beach (1957; film, 1959), a vivid picture of the nuclear annihilation of the human race.