Anderson, Dame Judith orig. Frances Margaret Anderson
(b. Feb. 10, 1898, Adelaide, S.Aus., Australia—d. Jan. 3, 1992, Santa Barbara, Calif., U.S.) Australian-born U.S. actress. She made her stage debut in Sydney in 1915 and first appeared in New York City in 1918. She was noted for roles such as Lavinia in Mourning Becomes Electra (1932), Gertrude in Hamlet (1936), Lady Macbeth in Macbeth (1937, 1941), and the title role in Medea (1947). She appeared in over 25 films, usually playing an evil or sinister figure, including Mrs. Danvers in Rebecca (1940) and Ann Treadwell in Laura (1944).
Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett (b. June 9, 1836, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, Eng.—d. Dec. 17, 1917, Aldeburgh) British physician. Denied admission to medical schools, she studied privately with physicians and in London hospitals and was the first woman licensed as a physician in Britain (1865). Appointed general medical attendant to St. Mary’s Dispensary (1866), later the New Hospital for Women, she created a medical school for women, and in 1918 the hospital was named for her.
Anderson, Laurie (b. June 5, 1947, Wayne, Ill., U.S.) U.S. perfor¬ mance artist. After studying at Barnard College and Columbia University, she began giving performances in New York City in 1973 while teaching art history at the City University of New York. Combining elements of music, theatre (dance, mime), film, technology, and speech, she satirized media and mass culture, using the tools they themselves provide. The pop-music success of her song “O Superman” (1980) led her to record two albums, Big Science (1982) and Mister Heartbreak (1984). Her major 1980s piece was the multimedia extravaganza United States. Other works include Stories from the Nerve Bible (1993) and a multimedia work (1999) based on Moby Dick.
Anderson, Leroy (b. June 29, 1908, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.—d. May 18, 1975, Woodbury, Conn.) U.S. composer of light orchestral music. He studied composition and German and Scandinavian languages at Harvard; fluent in nine languages, he was an army interpreter in two wars. In 1936 he began a long association with Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra, and pieces such as “Syncopated Clock,” “Sleigh Ride,” “Bugler’s Holiday,” and the Irish Suite became standards.
Anderson, Lindsay (b. April 17, 1923, Bangalore, India—d. Aug. 30, 1994, near Angouleme, Fr.) English critic and director. He was a found¬ ing editor of the film magazine Sequence , and from 1948 he directed a series of documentaries, including Thursday’s Children (1955, Academy Award). He coined the term “Free Cinema” for the British cinematic movement inspired by John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger. His first feature film, This Sporting Life (1963), is a classic of the British social realist cinema. He directed several theatrical productions before making his next film, If... (1968). After directing the premieres of David Storey’s plays, he went on to make such films as O Lucky Man! (1973) and The Whales of August (1987).
Anderson, Marian (b. Feb. 27, 1897, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.—d. April 8, 1993, Portland, Ore.) U.S. singer. She was immediately recog¬ nized for the beauty of her voice and her artistry at her New York City
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debut in 1924, but the fact that she was black made a concert or opera career in the U.S. impossible. Her London debut in 1930 and tours of Scandinavia established her in Europe, where she worked exclu¬ sively until 1935. When she was denied use of Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1939,
Eleanor Roosevelt arranged for her to sing at the Lincoln Memorial, and the concert was broadcast to great acclaim. Her debut at the Metropoli¬ tan Opera, the first performance there by a black singer, took place in 1955, when she was in her late 50s.
. . _ ... Marian Anderson.
Anderson, (James) Maxwell courtesy of rca records (b. Dec. 15, 1888, Atlantic, Pa.,
U.S.—d. Feb. 28, 1959, Stamford, Conn.) U.S. playwright. He worked as a journalist before cowriting his first successful play. What Price Glory? (1924), which was followed by Saturday’s Children (1927). His verse dra¬ mas Elizabeth the Queen (1930) and Mary of Scotland (1933) were later adapted for film. He returned to prose for the satire Both Your Houses (1933, Pulitzer Prize) and the tragedy Winterset (1935), then turned to verse again for High Tor ( 1936), a romantic comedy. He collaborated with Kurt Weill on the musicals Knickerbocker Holiday (1938) and Lost in the Stars (1949). His last play. The Bad Seed (1954), became a successful film.
Anderson, Sherwood (b. Sept. 13, 1876, Camden, Ohio, U.S.—d. March 8, 1941, Colon, Pan.) U.S. author. Anderson was irregularly schooled. Having married, he abruptly left his family and business career to become a writer in Chicago. Winesburg, Ohio (1919), a collection of interrelated sketches and tales about the obscure lives of the citizens of a small town, was his first mature book and made his reputation. His short stories were collected in The Triumph of the Egg (1921), Horses and Men (1923), and Death in the Woods (1933). His prose style, based on every¬ day speech and influenced by the experimental writing of Gertrude Stein, in turn influenced such writers as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner.
Andersonville Village, southwest-central Georgia, U.S. It was the site of a Confederate military prison in 1 864-65 during the American Civil War. Notorious for its dreadful conditions, it provided only makeshift shelter for the Union prisoners, more than one-fourth of whom died. The Anderson¬ ville National Cemetery, which includes the prison site, contains the graves of 12,920 Union prisoners who perished there. In 1865 Capt. Henry Wirz, commander of the prison, was tried by a military commission and hanged. Andersonville is also the site of the National Prisoner of War Museum.
Andes Mountains Mountain system, western South America. One of the great natural features of the globe, the Andes extend north-south about 5,500 mi (8,900 km). They run parallel to the Caribbean Sea coast in Ven¬ ezuela before turning southwest and entering Colombia. There they form three distinct massifs: the Cordilleras Oriental, Central, and Occidental. In Ecuador they form two parallel cordilleras, one facing the Pacific and the other descending toward the Amazon River basin. These ranges con¬ tinue southward into Peru; the highest Peruvian peak is Mount Huascaran (22,205 ft [6,768 m]) in the Cordillera Blanca. In Bolivia the Andes again form two distinct regions; between them lies the Altiplano. Along the bor¬ der of Chile and Argentina, they form a complex chain that includes their highest peak, Mount Aconcagua, which reaches an elevation of 22,834 ft (6,960 m). In southern Chile part of the cordillera descends beneath the sea and forms numerous islands. The Andes are studded with a number of volcanoes that form part of the Circum-Pacific chain known as the Ring of Fire. The Andes mountain system is the source of many rivers, includ¬ ing the Amazon and Pilcomayo.
andesite Van-do-.ziA Any member of a large family of rocks that occur in most of the world’s volcanic areas, mainly as surface deposits and to a lesser extent as dikes and small plugs. The Andes, where the name was first applied, and most of the cordillera (parallel mountain chains) of Cen¬ tral and North America consist largely of andesites. They also occur in abundance in volcanoes along practically the entire margin of the Pacific basin. Andesites are most often porphyritic (having distinct crystals in a fine-grained base) rocks.
Andhra Pradesh X.an-dro-pro-'deshX State (pop., 2001: 76,210,007), southeastern India. Located on the Bay of Bengal, it is bordered by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa states. Covering 106,204 sq mi (275,068 sq km), it was created in 1953 and achieved its present-day form in 1960; its capital is Hyderabad. Its name derives from the Telugu-speaking Andhra people, who have long inhabited the area. Many dynasties have flourished here, dating to the 3rd century bc. The area came under British influence in the 17th century; in the 19th century the Andhras played a decisive role in the rise of Indian nationalism. The state’s economy, once primarily agricultural, has become one of the most industrialized in India.