Heidegger Vhi-di-goA, Martin (b. Sept. 26, 1889, Messkirch, Schwarzwald, Ger.—d. May 26,
1976, Messkirch, W.Ger.) German philosopher. He taught at the univer¬ sities of Marburg (1923-27) and Freiburg (1927—44). In 1927 he pub¬ lished his magnum opus, Being and Time. It strongly influenced Jean- Paul Sartre and other existentialists, and, despite Heidegger’s protesta¬ tions, he was classed as the leading atheistic existentialist. His declared purpose in the work was to raise anew the question of the meaning of being. His preliminary analysis of human existence ( Dasein , or “being- there”) employed the method of phe¬ nomenology. In the early 1930s his thought underwent a Kehre (“turning around”), which some have seen as an abandonment of the problem of Being and Time. Heidegger joined the Nazi Party in 1933 and supported Hitler’s policies as rector of Freiburg (1933-34) and less actively through the end of the war. His complicity with the Nazis, which he never pub¬ licly disavowed, has prompted debates about whether his philosophy is inherently “totalitarian.” Heidegger’s work strongly influenced hermeneu¬ tics and POSTSTRUCTURALISM.
Heidelberg Vhld^T-.borkX City (pop., 2002 est.: 141,509), southwest¬ ern Germany, situated on the Neckar River. First mentioned in historical record in 1196, it was the capital of the Rhenish Palatinate and the resi¬ dence of the electoral counts palatine until 1720. It was a centre of Ger¬ man Calvinism in the 16th century. Heidelberg was devastated during the Thirty Years' War (1622) and by the French in 1689 and 1693. It is the site of the 13th-century Heidelberg Castle, a major tourist attraction, and of the University of Heidelberg (1386), the oldest university in Germany.
Heidelberg, University of German Ruprecht-Karl- Universitat Heidelberg Autonomous university at Heidelberg, Ger¬ many. It was founded in 1386 and modeled on the University of Paris. The first college was founded by the Cistercian order. The university suffered a decline in the 17th—18th centuries but regained its prestige after a reor¬ ganization in the early 19th century, becoming a centre of sciences, law, and philosophy.
Heiden, Eric (Arthur) (b. June 14, 1958, Madison, Wis., U.S.) U.S. speed skater. He became the first American to win the world speed-skating championship, and he retained the title for three years (1977-79). In the 1980 Winter Olympics he became the first person to win gold medals in all five speed-skating events. He later turned to competitive cycling.
Heidenstam Vha-don-stanA, (Carl Gustaf) Verner von (b. July 6, 1859, Olshammar, Swed.—d. May 20, 1940, Ovralid) Swedish poet and novelist. His first book of poems, Pilgrimage and Wander Years (1888), drew on his years living in southern Europe and the Middle East and was an immediate success. With his essay “Renaissance” (1889), he became a leader of the opposition in Sweden to naturalism, calling for a rebirth of the literature of fantasy, beauty, and nationalism. Many of the poems he wrote in this vein are translated in Sweden’s Laureate (1919). He also wrote historical fiction, including The Charles Men (1897-98) and The Tree of the Folkungs (1905-07). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1916.
Heifetz Vhi-fotsV, Jascha (b. Feb. 2, 1901, Vilnius, Lithuania, Russian Empire—d. Dec. 10, 1987, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.) Lithuanian-born U.S. violinist. He studied with his father from age five, performing Felix Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto at age eight. From 1909 to 1914, although it was illegal for a Jew to live in St. Petersburg, he studied there with Leopold Auer (1845-1930). He immigrated to the U.S. in 1917, where for many years he performed in a trio with Artur Rubinstein and Gregor Piatigorsky (1903-76). His impeccable technique and musical flair made him perhaps the world’s most famous violinist. He retired in 1972, hav¬ ing taught at the University of Southern California from 1959.
Heilong Jiang See Amur River
Heilongjiang Vha-T6q-'jyai]\ or Hei-lung-chiang Vha-Tuq-'jyaqX conventional Heilungkiang Province (pop., 2000 est.: 36,890,000), northeastern China. With an area of 179,000 sq mi (463,600 sq km), it is China’s northernmost province; its capital is Harbin. It borders Russia (mostly along the Amur River), Jilin province, and Inner Mongolia. It was part of an area formerly known as Manchuria. Little developed before the late 19th century, it was under Russian dominance until 1917, when it came under Chinese control. It was taken by Japan in 1931 but retaken in 1945 by Soviet forces, who returned it to Chinese (communist) con¬ trol. After the 1960 Sino-Soviet rift, its border was the scene of frequent clashes. The area is now one of expanding industrialization.
Heimdall \'ham-,dal\ In Norse mythology, the watchman of the gods. Called the shining god, he was noted for his white skin, and he dwelt at the entrance to Asgard and guarded the rainbow bridge that connected it with earth. Endowed with extraordinary vision and hearing, Heimdall carried a horn that could be heard throughout heaven and earth; with it he would one day announce Ragnarok, the end of the world, and on that day he and his enemy Loki would kill each other.
Heimlich maneuver \'hlm-lik\ Emergency procedure for dislodging a foreign body from a choking victim’s throat, devised by the U.S. sur¬ geon Henry J. Heimlich. It is used only when the airway is totally obstructed, as shown by inability to speak or breathe. The rescuer reaches around the victim from behind, grasps one fist in the other just below the victim’s rib cage, and makes several upward thrusts into the victim’s belly. This expels the foreign object with air from the victim’s own lungs. An unconscious victim is laid faceup and the thrusts are given by a kneeling or squatting rescuer.
Martin Heidegger.
CAMERA PRESS
© 2006 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Heine ► helicopter I 857
Heine Vhl-noV (Christian Johann) Heinrich orig. Harry Heine
(b. Dec. 13, 1797, Diisseldorf, Prussia—d. Feb. 17, 1856, Paris, France) German poet. Born of Jewish parents, he converted to Protestantism to enter careers that he never actually pursued. He established his interna¬ tional literary reputation with The Book of Songs (1827), a collection of bittersweet love poems. His prose Pictures of Travel, 4 vol. (1826-31), was widely imitated. After 1831 he lived in Paris. His articles and stud¬ ies on social and political matters, many critical of German conservatism, were censored there, and German spies watched him in Paris. His second verse collection, New Poems (1844), reflected his social engagement. His third, Romanzero (1851), written while suffering failing health and finan¬ cial reverses, is notably bleak but has been greatly admired. He is regarded as one of Germany’s greatest lyric poets, and many of his poems were set as songs by such composers as Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, and Johannes Brahms.
Heinlein \'hln-lln\, Robert A(nson) (b. July 7, 1907, Butler, Mo., U.S.—d. May 8, 1988, Carmel, Calif.) U.S. science-fiction writer. He pursued graduate study in physics and mathematics and began his writ¬ ing career in the pulp magazine Astounding Science Fiction in the 1930s. The first of his many novels and story collections was Rocket Ship Gali¬ leo (1947). Stranger in a Strange Land (1961), his best-known work, attracted a large cult following. His other books include Double Star (1956), Methuselah's Children (1958), Starship Troopers (1959), The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1966), and I Will Fear No Evil (1970). He won an unprecedented four Hugo Awards, and his sophisticated works did much to develop the genre.
Heinz, H(enry) J(ohn) (b. Oct. 11, 1844, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.—d. May 14, 1919, Pittsburgh) U.S. entrepreneur, founder of a major manu¬ facturer of processed foods. He joined his father’s brick-manufacturing business in Pittsburgh and simultaneously built up a produce business, delivering produce grown on his own land to local grocers. In 1876, with a brother and a cousin, he formed the F. & J. Heinz Co., a maker of pick¬ les, ketchup, baked beans, and other prepared foods. It was reorganized in 1888 as the H.J. Heinz Co. and incorporated in 1905. Heinz served as its president until his death.