Ernest Hemingway, photograph by Yousuf Karsh, 1959.
COURTESY OF MARY HEMINGWAY; PHOTOGRAPH, © KARSH FROM RAPHO/PHOTO RESEARCHERS
hemorrhoid Vhe-mo-.roidV or pile Mass formed by distension of the network of veins supplying the anal canal. It may develop from infection or increased abdominal pressure (as in pregnancy or heavy lifting). Mild hemorrhoids may require only oint¬ ments, laxatives, and baths. If clot¬ ting, bleeding, or pain occurs, surgical removal may be needed.
Internal hemorrhoids, with little nerve supply, can be destroyed in several ways without anesthesia.
External hemorrhoids, under the skin, are cut out under local anesthe¬ sia.
hemp Stout, aromatic, erect annual herbaceous plant ( Cannabis sativa, family Cannabaceae), the sole spe¬ cies of cannabis; also, its fibre. Hemp originated in Central Asia and is now cultivated widely in the northern temperate zone. A tall, canelike vari¬ ety is raised for the fibre; a short,
Hemp (Cannabis sativa).
JOHN KOHOUT FROM ROOT RESOURCES
© 2006 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Henan ► Henri i 861
more branched variety is prized as the more abundant source of marijuana. Hemp fibre is strong and durable and is used for cordage and for artifi¬ cial sponges and such coarse fabrics as sacking (burlap) and canvas. Hemp is grown primarily for fibre in most countries.
Henan \'h3-'nan\ or Ho-nan conventional Honan Province (pop., 2002 est.: 96,130,000), north-central China. It is bounded by Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, and Shaanxi. It has an area of 64,500 sq mi (167,000 sq km), and its capital is Zhengzhou. An early civilization there gave rise to the Shang dynasty (18th—12th centuries bc). Kaifeng was the capital of several dynasties in the 10th century ad before becoming the capital of the Bei (Northern) Song dynasty (960-1127); Zhengzhou then became the provincial capital. Henan’s principal crop is wheat. Henan has large deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which fuel the econo¬ mies of its major cities. It is also a railroad transportation hub.
henbane Plant ( Hyoscyamus niger ) of the nightshade family, native to Britain and found growing wild in poor soil and on rubbish heaps. It also occurs in central and southern Europe and from western Asia to India and Siberia and has long been naturalized in the U.S. The whole plant has a powerful nauseating odour. Commercial henbane, which consists of the dried leaves of H. niger and sometimes of H. muticus, of Egypt, yields three drugs: atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. Isolated and puri¬ fied, these drugs are remedies for spasmodic muscular contractions, ner¬ vous irritation, and hysteria.
Henderson, (James) Fletcher (b. Dec. 18, 1898, Cuthbert, Ga., U.S.—d. Dec. 29, 1952, New York, N.Y.) U.S. pianist, arranger, and leader of one of the most influential big bands in jazz. Henderson formed a dance band in New York in 1923. The band soon distinguished itself in two ways: the engagement of Louis Armstrong as principal soloist placed greater emphasis on swinging improvisation and the arrangements by Henderson and Don Redman (1900-64) codified the roles of the sections within the ensemble to replace the collective improvisation of early jazz groups. Nearly all big bands subsequently followed their example. A poor businessman, he was forced to dissolve his band several times, but his arrangements played a key role in the success of Benny Goodman in the late 1930s and provided a template for much of the music of the swing era.
Henderson, Rickey in full Rickey Henley Henderson (b. Dec. 25, 1958, Chicago, Ill., U.S.) U.S. baseball player. Henderson made his major league debut in 1979 with the Oakland Athletics. The following year he became one of only three players to steal 100 bases. It was the first of seven consecutive seasons in which Henderson led the American League in stolen bases, and his 130 in 1982 set a major league record. Considered one of the game’s greatest leadoff hitters, he was named the American League’s Most Valuable Player in 1990. The following year he stole the 939th base of his career to top Lou Brock’s mark. With the San Diego Padres in 2001, he broke Babe Ruth’s lifetime record for walks (2,062) and Ty Cobb’s career record for runs (2,245). Henderson helped the Athletics and the Toronto Blue Jays win World Series in 1989 and 1993, respectively.
Hendricks, Thomas A(ndrews) (b. Sept. 7, 1819, near Zanesville, Ohio, U.S.—d. Nov. 25, 1885, Indianapolis, Ind.) U.S. politician. He practiced law in Indiana before serving in the U.S. House of Represen¬ tatives (1851-55) and Senate (1863-69); he was later governor (1873— 77). Though loyal to the Union, he opposed many aspects of the Union’s military effort during the American Civil War; he also opposed the Recon¬ struction program imposed on the South after the war. He favoured leniency toward white supremacists in the South and opposed all legis¬ lation aimed at assisting freedmen. He was the Democratic Party nomi¬ nee for vice president in 1876 (as the running mate of Samuel Tilden) and again in 1884, when he was elected with Grover Cleveland. He died shortly after taking office.
Hendrix, Jimi byname of James Marshall Hendrix (b. Nov. 27, 1942, Seattle, Wash., U.S.—d. Sept. 18, 1970, London, Eng.) U.S. blues and rock guitarist (see rock music). Of mixed black-Cherokee ancestry, the left-handed Hendrix taught himself to play the guitar, which he held upside down. He served as an army paratrooper and later toured as gui¬ tarist for Little Richard and others. In 1966 he moved to London and formed a trio, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, which rapidly became popular in Europe. His sensational appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and the success that year of the album Are You Experienced? lifted him
to instant stardom, and his subsequent albums were among the most influ¬ ential of the 1960s. He died at age 27 of an apparently accidental over¬ dose of barbiturates.
Henie \'he-ne\, Sonja (b. April Nor.—d. Oct. 12, 1969, in an air¬ plane en route to Oslo) Norwegian- born U.S. figure skater. She was trained in ballet. She won the world amateur championship for women 10 consecutive years (1927-36) and won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics (1928, 1932, 1936). With her dancer’s training, she was largely responsible for converting a predict¬ able series of colourless exercises into a spectacular and popular exhi¬ bition. She achieved further renown as a professional ice skater and movie actress. In 1941 she became an American citizen.
Henie \'hen-l3\, Friedrich Gustav Jacob (b. July 15?, 1809,
Flirth, Bavaria—d. May 13, 1885,
Gottingen, Ger.) German pathologist and anatomist. He published the first descriptions of the composition and distribution of the surface tissue of anatomical structures (epithelium) and of fine eye and brain structures. Henie embraced Girolamo Fracastoro’s unpopular microorganism theory. His General Anatomy (1841) was the first systematic histology treatise. His Handbook of Rational Pathology (2 vol., 1846-53) described diseased organs in relation to their normal functions, opening the era of modern pathology.
Henlein Vhen-lln\, Konrad (b. May 6, 1898, Maffersdorf bei Reichen- berg, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary—d. May 10, 1945, Plzen, Czech.) Sude¬ ten German politician. In 1933 he became leader of the Sudeten German Home Front, the second strongest party in the Czech parliament. After a revolt broke out in the Sudetenland in 1938, the government suspended his party for treasonable activities, and Henlein fled to Germany. After the Munich agreement ceded the Sudetenland to Germany, he was appointed commissioner for the territory. While in Allied custody at the end of World War II, he committed suicide.
Henley, William Ernest (b. Aug. 23, 1849, Gloucester, Gloucester¬ shire, Eng.—d. July 11, 1903, Woking, near London) British poet, critic, and editor. After a tubercular disease forced the amputation of one foot and radical surgery on the other leg, Henley began writing free-verse impressionistic poems about hospital life that established his poetic repu¬ tation. They appeared in A Book of Verses (1888). His most popular poem, “Invictus” (1875), dates from the same period. He later edited several journals, the most brilliant of which, the Scots Observer (later the National Observer ), published the early work of Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, James M. Barrie, and Rudyard Kipling.