henna Tropical shrub or small tree ( Lawsonia inermis) of the loosestrife family, native to northern Africa, Asia, and Australia, and the reddish- brown dye obtained from its leaves. The plant bears small opposite leaves and small, fragrant, white to red flowers. In addition to being grown for its dye, it is used as an ornamental.
Hennepin \,e-n3-'pa n ,\ English Vhe-ns-ponV, Louis (b. May 12, 1626, Ath, Belg.—d. after 1701, Rome?, Italy) French missionary and explorer. A Franciscan, he traveled to Canada in 1675 with La Salle. They explored the Great Lakes region, founding Fort Crevecoeur (near modern Peoria, Ill.) in 1680. When La Salle returned for supplies, Hennepin and others explored the upper Mississippi River. They were captured by Sioux Indi¬ ans and taken to a site Hennepin named the Falls of St. Anthony (later Minneapolis); after four months they were rescued by Daniel DuLhut. Hen¬ nepin returned to France in 1682 and wrote an account of his journeys.
Henri I de Lorraine See 3rd due de Guise Henri II de Lorraine See 5th due de Guise
Henri \'hen-re\, Robert orig. Robert Henry Cozad (b. June 25, 1865, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.—d. July 12, 1929, New York, N.Y.) U.S.
8, 1912, Kristiama [now Oslo],
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Sonja Henie performing in her Holly¬ wood Ice Revue of 1950.
PICTORIAL PARADE
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862 I Henrietta Maria ► Henry IV
painter. He studied in Philadelphia and Paris, taught art in Philadelphia, and, after settling in New York City in 1900, became the leader of the young realist artists known as The Eight. He exhibited with The Eight in 1908 and later at the Armory Show (1913). As a portrait painter he dem¬ onstrated facile brushwork, lively colours, and an ability to catch fleeting gestures and expressions. He is best remembered as a teacher, principally at New York’s Art Students League (1915-28), where he became one of the most influential art teachers in the U.S. and a powerful force in turn¬ ing young artists away from academicism and toward the rich subject matter of modern city life. His belief in the artist as a social force led to the formation of the Ash Can school.
Henrietta Maria French Henriette-Marie (b. Nov. 25,1609, Paris, France—d. Sept. 10, 1669, Chateau de Colombes, near Paris) French-bom English queen, wife of Charles I and mother of Charles II and James II. The daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de Medicis, she was no stranger to political intrigue. By openly practicing Roman Catholicism at court, she alienated many of Charles’s subjects. As the English Civil Wars approached, she sought without success to instigate a military coup to overthrow the Parliamentarians. Her further efforts to enlist support for Charles from the pope, the French, and the Dutch infuriated many Englishmen. Deterioration of the Royalist position caused her to flee to France in 1644, and she never again saw her husband, who was executed in 1649.
Henry I known as Henry Beauclerc \'bo-kler\ (French: "Good Scholar") (b. 1069—d. Dec. 1, 1135, Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy) King of England (1100-35) and ruler of Normandy (1106-35). The youngest son of William I, he became king on the death of William II. His eldest brother, Robert Curthose (Robert II), returned from the First Crusade to claim the English throne in 1101; Henry placated him by giving him Nor¬ mandy, but Robert ruled it badly, and in 1106 Henry seized Normandy and imprisoned his brother. Henry quarreled with Anselm of Canterbury over the issue of investiture (see Investiture Controversy), but they were reconciled in 1107. He maintained control of Normandy, despite attacks by Robert’s son, and named his daughter Matilda his heir.
Henry II known as Henry of Anjou Van-jii\ or Henry Plan- tagenet \plan-'ta-j3-n3t\ (b. 1133, Le Mans, Maine—d. July 6, 1189, near Tours) Duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154). The son of Matilda and grandson of Henry I, he gained vast territories in France by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine (1152). He invaded England, and, in settlement of the war, King Stephen named Henry as heir (1153). As king, Henry extended his holdings in northern England and western France, strengthened royal administration, and reformed the court system. His attempt to assert royal authority at the expense of the church (see Con¬ stitutions of Clarendon) led to a quarrel with the archbishop of Canter¬ bury, his former close friend St. Thomas Becket, which ended with Becket’s murder and Henry’s subsequent penance at Canterbury (1174). His reign was plagued by disputes among family members, especially struggles for precedence among his sons, including Richard I (the Lion- heart) and John (Lackland). Richard allied with Philip II of France to drive Henry from the throne in 1189.
Henry II French Henri \a n -'re\ orig. due (duke) d'Orleans (b.
March 31, 1519, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, Fr.—d. July 10, 1559, Paris) King of France (1547-59). The second son of Francis I, he had strong differences with his father, accentuated by the rivalry between their mistresses and by Henry’s support of the constable Anne, due de Montmorency (1493-1567). Though he continued many of his father’s policies, Henry raised the Catholic House of Guise to favour, and he vig¬ orously suppressed Protestantism within his kingdom. He made a num¬ ber of administrative reforms. In foreign affairs Henry continued his father’s warfare against Emperor Charles V until 1559, when he signed the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis. The treaty was to be cemented by the mar¬ riage of Henry’s daughter to Philip II of Spain; during the festivities he was hit in the head by a lance, and he died from the wound.
Henry II or St. Henry German Heinrich (b. May 6, 973, Albach?, Bavaria—d. July 13, 1024, near Gottingen, Saxony; canonized 1146; feast day July 13) Duke of Bavaria (as Henry IV, 995-1005), German king (1002-24), and emperor (1014-24), the last of the Saxon dynasty. He led a series of military campaigns against Poland before making peace in 1018. He asserted German authority in northern Italy and was crowned emperor by Pope Benedict VIII on Feb. 14, 1014. To protect the papacy
he fought Greeks and Lombards in Italy (1021). He fostered cooperation between church and state and established the German bishops as secular rulers as well as ecclesiastical princes and established a reputation for religious piety.
Henry III (b. Oct. 1, 1207, Winchester, Hampshire, Eng.—d. Nov. 16, 1272, London) King of England (1216-72). He inherited the throne at age nine but did not begin to rule until French-backed rebels were expelled (1234). He alienated the barons by his indifference to tradition and his agreement to supply Innocent IV with funds in exchange for the Sicilian crown. The barons forced him to accept the Provisions of Oxford, but Henry renounced the agreement in 1261. His former favourite, Simon de Montfort, led a rebellion in 1264, defeating and capturing the king. Hen¬ ry’s son Edward (later Edward I) turned the tables a year later, and Henry, weak and senile, allowed Edward to take charge of the government.
Henry III French Henri orig. duke d'Anjou (b. Sept. 19, 1551, Fontainebleau, France—d. Aug. 2, 1589, Saint-Cloud) King of France (1574-89). The third son of Henry II and Catherine de Medicis, he com¬ manded the royal army against the Huguenots in the Wars of Religion. He was crowned king after the death of his brother Charles IX. During the continuing civil wars he made concessions to the Huguenots, causing the Roman Catholics to form the Holy League. The Catholics were further alarmed in 1584 when the Protestant Henry of Navarra (later Henry IV) became heir to the throne. Henry III tried to placate the Holy League, but he was forced by a mob to flee Paris. In 1588 he had the Catholic leaders Henry, 3rd duke de Guise, and Cardinal Louis II de Lorraine assassinated. In 1589 Henry was himself assassinated by a fanatical Jacobin friar.