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ju mp rope (jump ropes ) N‑COUNT A jump rope is a piece of rope, usually with handles at each end. You exercise with it by turning it round and round and jumping over it. [AM ] in BRIT, use skipping rope

ju mp-start (jump-starts , jump-starting , jump-started ) also jump start

1 VERB To jump-start a vehicle which has a flat battery means to make the engine start by getting power from the battery of another vehicle, using special cables called jump leads. □ [V n] He was huddled with John trying to jump-start his car. ● N‑COUNT Jump-start is also a noun. □  I drove out to give him a jump start because his battery was dead.

2 VERB To jump-start a system or process that has stopped working or progressing means to do something that will make it start working quickly or effectively. □ [V n] The E.U. is trying to jump start the peace process. ● N‑COUNT [usu sing] Jump-start is also a noun. □  …attempts to give the industry a jump-start.

jump|suit /dʒʌ mpsuːt/ (jumpsuits ) N‑COUNT A jumpsuit is a piece of clothing in the form of a top and trousers in one continuous piece.

jumpy /dʒʌ mpi/ (jumpier , jumpiest ) ADJ [usu v-link ADJ ] If you are jumpy , you are nervous or worried about something. [INFORMAL ] □  I told myself not to be so jumpy. □  When he spoke his voice was jumpy.

Jun. Jun. is a written abbreviation for June .

junc|tion /dʒʌ ŋkʃ ə n/ (junctions ) N‑COUNT A junction is a place where roads or railway lines join. [BRIT ] □  Follow the road to a junction and turn left. in AM, usually use intersection

junc|ture /dʒʌ ŋktʃə r / (junctures ) N‑COUNT [usu at N ] At a particular juncture means at a particular point in time, especially when it is a very important time in a process or series of events. □  What's important at this juncture is the ability of the three republics to work together.

June /dʒuː n/ (Junes ) N‑VAR June is the sixth month of the year in the Western calendar. □  He spent two and a half weeks with us in June 1986. □  I am moving out on 5 June.

jun|gle /dʒʌ ŋg ə l/ (jungles )

1 N‑VAR A jungle is a forest in a tropical country where large numbers of tall trees and plants grow very close together. □ [+ of ] …the mountains and jungles of Papua New Guinea. □  The mountain area is covered entirely in dense jungle.

2 N‑SING If you describe a place as a jungle , you are emphasizing that it is full of lots of things and very untidy. [EMPHASIS ] □ [+ of ] …a jungle of stuffed birds, knick-knacks, potted plants.

3 N‑SING If you describe a situation as a jungle , you dislike it because it is complicated and difficult to get what you want from it. [DISAPPROVAL ] □ [+ of ] Social security law and procedure remain a jungle of complex rules.

4 PHRASE If you refer to the law of the jungle , you are referring to a situation in which there are no laws or rules to govern the way that people behave and people use force to get what they want. [DISAPPROVAL ] □  If you make aggression pay, this becomes the law of the jungle.

jun|ior ◆◇◇ /dʒuː niə r / (juniors )

1 ADJ [usu ADJ n] A junior official or employee holds a low-ranking position in an organization or profession. □  Junior and middle-ranking civil servants have pledged to join the indefinite strike. □  …a junior minister attached to the prime minister's office. ● N‑COUNT Junior is also a noun. □  The Lord Chancellor has said legal aid work is for juniors when they start out in the law.

2 N‑SING If you are someone's junior , you are younger than they are. □  She now lives with actor Denis Lawson, 10 years her junior.

3 N‑COUNT Junior is sometimes used after the name of the younger of two men in a family who have the same name, sometimes in order to prevent confusion. The abbreviation Jr is also used. [AM ] □  His son, Arthur Ochs Junior, is expected to succeed him as publisher.

4 N‑COUNT In the United States, a student in the third year of a high school or university course is called a junior .

ju n|ior hi gh (junior highs ) N‑COUNT In the United States, junior high is the school that young people attend between the ages of 11 or 12 and 14 or 15. □  …Benjamin Franklin Junior High.

ju n|ior school (junior schools ) N‑VAR ; N‑COUNT [oft in names] In England and Wales, a junior school is a school for children between the ages of about seven and eleven. □  …Middleton Road Junior School.

ju|ni|per /dʒuː n I pə r / (junipers ) N‑VAR A juniper is an evergreen bush with purple berries which can be used in cooking and medicine.

junk /dʒʌ ŋk/ (junks , junking , junked )

1 N‑UNCOUNT [oft N n] Junk is old and used goods that have little value and that you do not want any more. □  What are you going to do with all that junk, Larry?

2 N‑UNCOUNT [oft N n] In computing, junk refers to unwanted emails that have been sent to a large number of people or organizations, usually as advertising. [COMPUTING ] □ [V n] …an increased threat from junk email.

3 VERB If you junk something, you get rid of it or stop using it. [INFORMAL ] □ [V n] We junk 10 million pieces of furniture every year in the UK.

ju nk bond (junk bonds ) N‑COUNT [usu pl] If a company issues junk bonds , it borrows money from investors, usually at a high rate of interest, in order to finance a particular deal, for example the setting up or the taking over of another company. [BUSINESS ]