ex|tinct / I kst I ŋkt/
1 ADJ A species of animal or plant that is extinct no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place. □ It is 250 years since the wolf became extinct in Britain.
2 ADJ If a particular kind of worker, way of life, or type of activity is extinct , it no longer exists, because of changes in society. □ Herbalism had become an all but extinct skill in the Western world.
3 ADJ An extinct volcano is one that does not erupt or is not expected to erupt any more. □ Its tallest volcano, long extinct, is Olympus Mons.
ex|tinc|tion / I kst I ŋkʃ ə n/
1 N‑UNCOUNT The extinction of a species of animal or plant is the death of all its remaining living members. □ An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction.
2 N‑UNCOUNT If someone refers to the extinction of a way of life or type of activity, they mean that the way of life or activity stops existing. □ The loggers say their jobs are faced with extinction because of declining timber sales.
ex|tin|guish / I kst I ŋgw I ʃ/ (extinguishes , extinguishing , extinguished )
1 VERB If you extinguish a fire or a light, you stop it burning or shining. [FORMAL ] □ [V n] It took about 50 minutes to extinguish the fire.
2 VERB If something extinguishes a feeling or idea, it destroys it. □ [V n] The message extinguished her hopes of Richard's return.
ex|tin|guish|er / I kst I ŋgw I ʃə r / (extinguishers ) N‑COUNT An extinguisher is the same as a fire extinguisher .
ex|tol / I kstoʊ l/ (extols , extolling , extolled ) VERB If you extol something or someone, you praise them enthusiastically. □ [V n] Now experts are extolling the virtues of the humble potato.
ex|tort / I kstɔː r t/ (extorts , extorting , extorted ) VERB If someone extorts money from you, they get it from you using force, threats, or other unfair or illegal means. □ [V n + from ] Corrupt government officials were extorting money from him. □ [V n] Her kidnapper extorted a £175,000 ransom for her release.
ex|tor|tion / I kstɔː r ʃ ə n/ N‑UNCOUNT Extortion is the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats. □ He has been charged with extortion and abusing his powers.
ex|tor|tion|ate / I kstɔː r ʃ ə nət/ ADJ If you describe something such as a price as extortionate , you are emphasizing that it is much greater than it should be. [EMPHASIS ]
ex|tor|tion|ist / I kstɔː r ʃ ə n I st/ (extortionists ) N‑COUNT An extortionist is a person who commits the crime of obtaining something from someone by using force or threats.
ex|tra ◆◆◇ /e kstrə/ (extras )
1 ADJ [ADJ n] You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind. □ Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work. □ Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods. □ There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.
2 ADJ [v-link ADJ ] If something is extra , you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something. □ The price of your meal is extra. ● PRON Extra is also a pronoun. □ Many of the additional features now cost extra. ● ADV Extra is also an adverb. □ You may be charged 10% extra for this service.
3 N‑COUNT [usu pl] Extras are additional amounts of money that are added to the price that you have to pay for something. □ There are no hidden extras.
4 N‑COUNT [usu pl] Extras are things which are not necessary in a situation, activity, or object, but which make it more comfortable, useful, or enjoyable. □ Optional extras include cooking tuition at a top restaurant.
5 N‑COUNT The extras in a film are the people who play unimportant parts, for example as members of a crowd.
6 ADV [ADV adj/adv] You can use extra in front of adjectives and adverbs to emphasize the quality that they are describing. [INFORMAL , EMPHASIS ] □ I'd have to be extra careful. □ What makes a magnificent garden extra special?
7 to go the extra mile → see mile
PREFIX extra-
1 forms adjectives that refer to something being outside or beyond something else. For example, something that is extraordinary is more than ordinary, that is, very special.
2 also forms adjectives that refer to something having a large amount of a particular quality. For example, if something is extra-strong , it is very strong.
ex|tract (extracts , extracting , extracted ) The verb is pronounced / I kstræ kt/. The noun is pronounced /e kstrækt/. 1 VERB To extract a substance means to obtain it from something else, for example by using industrial or chemical processes. □ [V n] …the traditional method of pick and shovel to extract coal. □ [be V -ed + from ] Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of oranges, lemons, limes or grapefruit. □ [V -ed] …looking at the differences in the extracted DNA. [Also V n + from ] ● ex|trac|tion N‑UNCOUNT □ [+ of ] Petroleum engineers plan and manage the extraction of oil.
2 VERB If you extract something from a place, you take it out or pull it out. □ [V n + from ] He extracted a small notebook from his hip pocket. □ [V n] Patterson went straight to the liquor cabinet and extracted a bottle of Scotch.