She heated the place during the winter with a huge wood furnace.
During 1973 an Anti-Imperialist Alliance was formed.
During the Sixties various levies were imposed.
During the seventh century incendiary weapons were invented.
They used to spend the whole Sunday at chapel but most of them behaved shockingly during the week.
4.104 During is used with most event nouns to show that one event takes place while another is occurring.
During his stay in prison, he has written many essays and poems. …trying to boost police morale during a heated battle with rioters.
The young princes were protected from press intrusion during their education.
Some families live in the kitchen during a power cut.
During the journey I came to like and respect them.
4.105 During the week means on weekdays, in contrast to the weekend.
over for events
4.106 Over can be used with winter, summer, and special periods of the year to show that an event occurred throughout the period or at an unspecified time during it.
…to help keep their families going over the winter.
My friends had a marvellous time over the New Year.
Over is also used when referring to a period of time immediately before or after the time of speaking or the time being talked about.
The number will increase considerably over the next decade.
They have been doing all they can over the past twenty-four hours.
We packed up the things I had accumulated over the last four years.
Over can be used with meals and items of food or drink to show that something happens while people are eating or drinking.
Davis said he wanted to read it over lunch.
Can we discuss it over a cup of coffee?
relating events and times
4.107 You can also be more general by stating the relationship between an event and a period of time or specific point in time.
Before, prior to, and after are used to relate events to a time.
She gets up before six.
If you’re stuck, come back and see me before Thursday. …the construction of warships by the major powers prior to 1914.
City Music Hall is going to close down after Easter.
He will announce his plans after the holidays.
They can also be used to relate one event to another.
I was in a bank for a while before the war.
She gave me much helpful advice prior to my visit to Turkey.
Jack left after breakfast.
He was killed in a car accident four years after their marriage.
After much discussion, they had decided to take the coin to a jeweller.
Following, previous to and subsequent to can also be used with events.
He has regained consciousness following a stroke.
He suggests that Ross was prompted previous to the parade.
The testimony and description of one witness would be supplied prior to the interview; those of the other two subsequent to it.
order of events
4.108 Before and after can also be used to show the order of events when the same person does two actions or two people do the same action.
I should have talked about that before anything else.
He knew Nell would probably be home before him.
I do the floor after the washing-up.
You can also sometimes use earlier than or later than.
Smiling develops earlier than laughing.
events that happen at the same time
4.109 To indicate that two or more events happen at the same time, the adverbs together and simultaneously, or the adverbials at the same time and at once can be used:
Everything had happened together.
His fear and his hate grew simultaneously.
Can you love two women at the same time?
I can’t be everywhere at once.
linking adverbs
4.110 You can also show what order things happen in using adverbs such as first, next, and finally. Simultaneously and at the same time are used in a similar way to link clauses. This is dealt with in paragraph 10.53.
by for specific time
4.111 By is used to emphasize that an event occurs at some time before a specific time, but not later. By is also used to indicate that a process is completed or reaches a particular stage not later than a specific time.
By eleven o’clock, Brody was back in his office.
The theory was that by Monday their tempers would have cooled.
By next week, there will be no supplies left.
Do you think we’ll get to the top of this canyon by tomorrow? By now the moon was up.
But by then he was bored with the project.
Extended uses of time adverbials
4.112 Time adverbials can be used after the noun phrase to specify events or periods of time.
I’m afraid the meeting this afternoon exhausted me.
The sudden death of his father on 17 November 1960 was not a surprise. …until I started to recall the years after the Second World War.
No admissions are permitted in the hour before closing time.
Clock times, periods of the day, days of the week, months, dates, seasons, special periods of the year, years, decades, and centuries can be used as modifiers before the noun phrase to specify things.
Every morning he would set off right after the eight o’clock news.
Castle was usually able to catch the six thirty-five train from Euston.
He boiled the kettle for his morning tea.