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She accidentally shot herself in the foot.

how something is done: sing beautifully, walk briskly

6.37    Many adverbs of manner are used to describe the way in which something is done. For example, in the sentence He did it carefully, carefully means in a careful way.

They think, dress and live differently.

He acted very clumsily.

You must be able to speak fluently and correctly.

6.38    Here is a list of common -ly adverbs that describe the way in which something is done:

abruptly

accurately

awkwardly

badly

beautifully

brightly

brilliantly

briskly

carefully

carelessly

casually

cheaply

clearly

closely

clumsily

comfortably

consistently

conveniently

correctly

dangerously

delicately

differently

discreetly

distinctly

dramatically

easily

economically

effectively

efficiently

evenly

explicitly

faintly

faithfully

fiercely

finely

firmly

fluently

formally

frankly

freely

gently

gracefully

hastily

heavily

honestly

hurriedly

intently

meticulously

neatly

nicely

oddly

patiently

peacefully

peculiarly

perfectly

plainly

pleasantly

politely

poorly

professionally

properly

quietly

rapidly

readily

richly

rigidly

roughly

ruthlessly

securely

sensibly

sharply

silently

simply

smoothly

softly

solidly

specifically

splendidly

steadily

steeply

stiffly

strangely

subtly

superbly

swiftly

systematically

tenderly

thickly

thinly

thoroughly

thoughtfully

tightly

truthfully

uncomfortably

urgently

vaguely

vigorously

violently

vividly

voluntarily

warmly

widely

willingly

wonderfully

feelings and manner: smile happily, walk wearily

6.39    Adverbs formed from adjectives that describe people’s feelings, for example happily or nervously, indicate both the way in which something is done and the feelings of the person who does it.

For example, the sentence She laughed happily means both that she laughed in a happy way and that she was feeling happy.

We laughed and chatted happily together.

Gaskell got up wearily and headed for the stairs.

They looked anxiously at each other.

The children waited eagerly for their presents.

The children smiled shyly.

6.40    Here is a list of adverbs that describe the feelings of the person who does something as well as the way in which it is done:

angrily

anxiously

bitterly

boldly

calmly

cheerfully

confidently

desperately

eagerly

excitedly

furiously

gladly

gloomily

gratefully

happily

helplessly

hopefully

hopelessly

impatiently

miserably

nervously

passionately

proudly

reluctantly

sadly

shyly

sincerely

uncomfortably

uneasily

unhappily

wearily

circumstances: talk privately, work part-time

6.41    Adverbs of manner can also indicate the circumstances in which something is done, rather than how it is done. For example, in the sentence He spoke to me privately, privately means when no one else was present rather than in a private way.

I need to speak to you privately.

He had publicly called for an investigation of the entire school system.

Britain and France jointly suggested a plan in 1954.

I have undertaken all the enquiries personally.

6.42    Here is a list of adverbs that are used to show the circumstances in which an action takes place:

accidentally

alone

artificially

automatically

bodily

collectively

commercially

deliberately

directly

duly

first-class

full-time

illegally

independently

indirectly

individually

innocently

instinctively

involuntarily

jointly

legally

logically

mechanically

naturally

officially

openly

overtly

part-time

personally

politically

privately

publicly

regardless

retail

scientifically

secretly

solo

specially

symbolically

wholesale

forms

6.43    Most adverbs of manner are formed from qualitative adjectives, for example stupidly from stupid, and angrily from angry. For more information about the forms of adverbs, see paragraph 6.17.

USAGE NOTE

6.44    Instead of using an adverb of manner, you can sometimes use prepositional phrases or noun phrases to give more information about the manner or circumstances of an action.

‘Come here’, he said in a low voice.

I know I have to do it this way.

In some cases you may have to do this, because there is no adverb. See paragraph 6.23.

Adverbs of degree

6.45    When you want to give more information about the extent of an action or the degree to which an action is performed, you often use an adverb of degree.

I enjoyed the course immensely.

I had almost forgotten about the trip.

A change of one word can radically alter the meaning of a statement.

6.46    Here is a list of adverbs of degree:

absolutely

adequately

almost

altogether

amazingly

awfully

badly

completely

considerably

dearly

deeply

drastically

dreadfully

enormously

entirely

exceedingly

excessively

extensively

extraordinarily

extremely

fairly

fantastically

fully

greatly

half

hard

hugely

immensely

incredibly

intensely

just

largely

moderately

nearly

noticeably

outright

partly

perfectly

poorly

positively

powerfully

practically

pretty

profoundly

purely