Mr Matthews has remained in office but the island has no Parliament.
It can show inclusion in a more abstract way.
Some of her early Hollywood experiences were used in her 1923 film, Mary of the Movies.
In any book, there is a moral purpose.
It can also indicate that something has reached a particular stage, or appears in a particular way.
The first primroses are in flower.
Her hair was in pigtails over either shoulder.
A few other prepositions with a basic meaning relating to containers are used in similar ways: for example within, into, out of.
Anything within reason should be considered.
When we get those men into the police force, they are going to be real heroes.
Heroines who were considered attractive by earlier generations now seem hopelessly out of touch.
Other ways of giving information about place
noun phrases referring to place: place names
6.122 Some verbs of position and movement are followed by noun phrases referring to places. These are described in paragraph 3.21.
Peel approached the building.
6.123 Instead of using a noun phrase to refer to a place, you can use the name of the place.
This great block of land became Antarctica.
…an island roughly the size of Martha’s Vineyard.
Her work is on show at the National Museum of Film and Photography in Bradford.
verbs after place names
6.124 Most place names are singular nouns, although some look like plural nouns, for example The Netherlands. Some place names, for example those referring to groups of islands or mountains, are plural nouns. Verbs used with place names follow the normal rules, so a singular verb form is used with a singular noun and a plural verb form with a plural noun.
Milan is a very interesting city.
The Andes split the country down the middle.
place names used for talking about people
6.125 The name of a place can be used to talk about the people who live there. If the place name is a singular noun, a singular verb form is still used, even though the noun is being used to refer to a plural concept.
Europe was sick of war.
The name of a country or its capital city is often used to talk about the government of that country.
Britain and France jointly suggested a plan.
Washington put a great deal of pressure on Tokyo.
place names used for talking about events
6.126 Place names are also used to talk about a well-known historical or recent event that occurred there, such as a battle, a disaster, an international sports competition, a scandal, or an important political meeting.
After Waterloo, trade and industry surged again.
What was the effect of Chernobyl on British agriculture?
…the chain of events that led to Watergate.
place names used as modifiers before nouns
6.127 Many place names can be used as modifiers, to show where things come from or are characteristic of, as well as where things are.
…a London hotel.
…the New Zealand rugby team.
If a place name begins with the, you omit it when you use the name as a modifier.
…Arctic explorers.
She has a Midlands accent.
Note that the names of continents and of many countries cannot be used as modifiers. Instead, you use classifying adjectives such as African and Italian.
7 Reporting what people say or think
7.1 This chapter explains the different ways of reporting what people say or think.
7.2 One way of reporting what someone has said is to repeat their actual words.
‘I don’t know much about music,’ Judy said.
Repeating someone’s actual words like this is called direct speech.
Instead of repeating Judy’s words, the writer could say, Judy said that she didn’t know much about music. This is called reported speech. Some grammars called this indirect speech.
Direct speech and reported speech both consist of two clauses. The main clause is called a reporting clause. The other clause shows what someone said or thought.
In direct speech, this other clause is called the quote.
‘Have you met him?’ I asked.
‘I’sll see you tomorrow,’ said Tom.
In reported speech, the other clause is called the reported clause.
He mentioned that he had a brother living in London.
He asked if you would be able to call and see him.
He promised to give me the money.
Note that the reported clause can begin with a to-infinitive.
7.3 In ordinary conversation, we use reported speech much more often than direct speech. This is because we usually do not know, or cannot remember, the exact words that someone has said. Direct speech is mainly used in written stories.
When we report people’s thoughts, we almost always use reported speech, because thoughts do not usually exist in the form of words, so we cannot quote them exactly. Reported speech can be used to report almost any kind of thought.
7.4 Paragraphs 7.5 to 7.15 explain verbs used in reporting clauses. Paragraphs 7.16 to 7.26 explain direct speech. Paragraphs 7.27 to 7.71 explain reported speech. Paragraphs 7.72 to 7.81 explain how to refer to the speaker and hearer in direct speech or reported speech. Paragraphs 7.82 to 7.85 explain other ways of indicating what someone says or talks about.
Showing that you are reporting: using reporting verbs
7.5 You show that you are quoting or reporting what someone has said or thought by using a reporting verb. Every reporting clause contains a reporting verb.
‘I don’t see what you are getting at,’ Jeremy said.
He looked old, Harold thought, and sick.
They were complaining that Canton was hot and noisy.
basic reporting verbs
7.6 You use say when you are simply reporting what someone said and do not want to add any more information about what you are reporting.