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Tempting though it may be to discuss this point, it is not really relevant.

I had to accept the fact, improbable though it was.

Astute business man though he was, Philip was capable of making mistakes.

When the complement is an adjective, you can use as instead of though.

Stupid as it sounds, I believed her.

When a clause beginning with though ends with an adverb, you can often put the adverb at the beginning of the clause.

Some members of staff couldn’t handle Murray’s condition, hard though they tried.

When you are talking about a strong feeling or desire, you can use much as instead of although. For example, instead of saying Although I like Venice, I couldn’t live there you can say Much as I like Venice, I couldn’t live there.

Much as he admired her, he had no wish to marry her.

-ing participle clauses

8.71     Although, though, while, and whilst are sometimes used in -ing participle clauses. For example, instead of saying While he liked cats, he never let them come into his house, you can say While liking cats, he never let them come into his house.

While accepting the importance of freedom of speech, I believe it must be exercised with responsibility.

Despite and in spite of can also be used at the beginning of -ing participle clauses. Despite working hard, I failed my exams means Although I worked hard, I failed my exams.

Sensible, interested parents still play a big part in their children’s lives, despite working long hours.

We had two more years of profit in spite of paying higher wages than the previous owner.

8.72     Although, though, while, and whilst are also used in front of noun, adjective, and adverb phrases. For example, instead of saying Although she was fond of Gregory, she did not love him, you can say Although fond of Gregory, she did not love him. Similarly, instead of saying They agreed to his proposal, though they had many reservations, you can say They agreed to his proposal, though with many reservations.

It was an unequal marriage, although a stable and long-lasting one.

Though not very attractive physically, she possessed a sense of humour.

They had followed her suggestion, though without much enthusiasm.

Even if, if, and albeit can also be used in this way. Albeit is a formal word.

Other species have cognitive abilities, even if not as developed as our own. …a pleasant, if unexciting, novel.

Like mercury, lead affects the brain, albeit in different ways.

Place clauses: Stay where you are

8.73     Sometimes, when you want to talk about the location or position of something, you need to use a clause. The kind of clause you use is called a place clause.

8.74     Place clauses usually begin with where.

He said he was happy where he was.

He left it where it lay.

Stay where you are.

Where is also used in relative clauses. This use is explained in paragraphs 8.104 to 8.106.

8.75     In formal or literary English, where-clauses are sometimes put in front of a main clause.

Where Kate had stood last night, Maureen now stood.

Where the pink cliffs rose out of the ground there were often narrow tracks winding upwards.

8.76     When you want to say that something happens or will happen in every place where something else happens, you use wherever.

Soft ferns spread across the ground wherever there was enough light.

In Bali, wherever you go, you come across ceremonies.

Wherever I looked, I found patterns.

Everywhere can be used instead of wherever.

Everywhere I went, people were angry or suspicious.

8.77     Where and wherever are sometimes used in front of adjectives such as possible and necessary. When they are used like this, they mean when or whenever, rather than where. For a full explanation of this use, see paragraph 8.24.

Clauses of manner: I don’t know why he behaves as he does

8.78     When you want to talk about someone’s behaviour or the way something is done, you use a clause of manner.

Here is a list of conjunctions used in clauses of manner:

as

as though

like

as if

just as

much as

The way, in a way, and in the way are also used in clauses of manner in a similar way to conjunctions. These expressions are often followed by that.

saying how something is done

8.79     If you simply want to talk about someone’s behaviour or the way something is done, you use like, as, the way, in a way, or in the way.

Is she often rude and cross like she’s been this last month?

I don’t understand why he behaves as he does.

I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.

He was looking at her in a way she did not recognize.

We have to make it work in the way that we want it to.

making comparisons

8.80     You can also use these expressions to compare the way something is done with the way someone or something else does it.