The conversion process is very inefficient. The same is true of nuclear power stations.
‘I’ve never heard of him.’ – ‘I wish I could say the same.’
The same thing can be used exactly like the same, as a subject or object.
He was stopped and sent back to get a ticket. On the return journey the same thing happened.
I learnt how to cheat and win every time. And I’m not proud of the fact that I taught a number of other people to do the same thing.
opposite and reverse
10.36 The adjectives opposite and reverse are used to say that something is as different as possible from the thing that has already been mentioned. They usually follow the.
It was designed to impress, but it probably had the opposite effect.
In the past ten years I think we’ve seen the reverse process.
When opposite is used before a noun, it occasionally follows an.
Other studies draw an opposite conclusion.
You can sometimes use the opposite and the reverse without a following noun to refer back to something.
The police officer said that we would have to learn to live with crime. I think the opposite is true; we have to learn not to live with crime.
He is well known for saying one thing and doing the opposite.
Older males are often desirable to women but the reverse is not usually true.
It hasn’t happened. The reverse has happened.
other adjectives
10.37 You can also use a variety of other adjectives to say that something is similar to, different from, or connected with something that has already been mentioned. Some of these adjectives are only used before a noun and others can also come after a linking verb.
She wore a red dress with a red matching hat.
West Germany, Denmark and Italy face declines in young people. We are confronted with a contrasting problem.
That’s what I would say. But his attitude was different altogether.
Here is a list of adjectives that can only be used in front of a noun to refer back:
adjacent
conflicting
contradictory
contrary
contrasting
corresponding
equal
equivalent
matching
opposing
parallel
Here is a list of adjectives that can be used both in front of a noun and after a linking verb to refer back:
analogous
comparable
compatible
different
identical
related
separate
similar
unrelated
adverbials
10.38 To say that an action or a way of doing something is similar to the one just mentioned, you can use in the same way, in a similar way, similarly, or likewise.
She spoke of Jim with pride. And presumably she spoke to him of me in the same way.
Sam was engaged in conversation; Richard and Patrick were similarly occupied.
10.39 To show that an action or a way of doing something is different from the one just described, you can use the adverbs otherwise and differently.
I thought life was simply splendid. I had no reason to think otherwise.
She was ashamed of her actions, but she had been totally incapable of doing otherwise.
My parents were very strict, but I’m going to do things differently with my kids.
Referring forward
10.40 There are various ways of referring forward to things that are about to be mentioned. These ways often involve the nouns listed in paragraphs 10.18 to 10.23, which are more commonly used when you are referring back to something.
this and these
10.41 The use of this to refer back to something was explained in paragraphs 10.7 to 10.10. You can also use this or these to refer forward to what you are about to say. They can be both pronouns and determiners. Note that these can only be a pronoun when it is the subject.
Well, you might not believe this but I don’t drink very much.
Perhaps I shouldn’t say this, but I did on one occasion break the law.
This chapter will follow the same pattern as the previous one.
These were the facts: on a warm February afternoon, Gregory Clark and a friend were cruising down Washington Boulevard in a Mustang.
On the blackboard these words were written: Reading. Writing. Arithmetic.
10.42 When this and these are used as determiners to refer forward to something, they are most commonly used with nouns that refer to a piece of writing (see paragraph 10.23). Sometimes they are used with nouns that refer to what is said (see paragraph 10.19) and with nouns that refer to ideas (see paragraph 10.20). They occasionally occur with nouns that refer to actions or events (see paragraph 10.21).
following
10.43 You can also refer to what you are about to mention using the adjective following before a noun. When following is used like this, it is used with nouns that refer to texts, ideas, and pieces of writing (see paragraphs 10.19, 10.20, and 10.23.). Very occasionally, it is used with nouns that refer to actions and events (see paragraph 10.21.).
After a while he received the following letter: Dear Sir, The Secretary of State regrets that he is unable to reconsider your case.
The following account is based on notes from that period.
They arrived at the following conclusion: children with disabilities are better off in normal classes.
You can also used the following without a noun phrase after it.
…a box containing the following: a packet of tissues, two handkerchiefs, and a clothes brush.
next
10.44 The adjective next is often used to refer forward with nouns that refer to pieces of writing.
In the next chapter, we will examine this theory in detail.
below
10.45 You can also use below to refer forward to something you are about to mention. You use below like this after nouns that refer to texts and pieces of writing (see paragraphs 10.19 and 10.23).