use of proper nouns 2.173–2.174
noun phrases 1.1–1.12
nouns 1.1–1.92
•collective nouns 1.47–1.51
•common nouns 1.3
•compound nouns 1.83–1.92
•countable nouns 1.15–1.22
•mass nouns 1.28–1.31
•plural nouns 1.41–1.46
•proper nouns 1.3, 1.52–1.53
•singular nouns 1.34–1.40
•uncountable nouns 1.23–1.33
determiners with common nouns 1.4
adding information after the noun 1.9–1.10
noun–verb agreement 1.16, 1.24, 1.35, 1.42, 1.68
singular and plural forms 1.19
list of uncountable nouns 1.25–1.26
that are both uncountable and countable 1.32
that are rarely used alone 1.59–1.65
always used with modifiers 1.62
always used with possessives 1.63
referring to males or females 1.73
lists of compound nouns 1.85–1.88
referring to one thing only 1.167, 1.235
adjectives after nouns 2.58–2.62
with prepositional phrases 2.275–2.276
with adjectives 2.291
followed by to-infinitive, -ed participle, or -ing participle 2.293
followed by to-infinitive clauses 2.294–2.299
followed by -ed participle clauses 2.300
with no equivalent verb 3.40
used with have 3.41
used with take 3.42
used with give 3.43
used with make 3.44
used with have and take 3.45
after linking verbs 3.138
used with reported clauses 7.86, 8.1
forming plurals of R2–R19
nowhere 5.73–5.74, 6.61–6.71
n’t
contraction of not 5.59–5.60
instead of no 5.70
added to modals 5.102
numbers 1.157, R41–R49
and quantity expressions 1.12
referring to an exact number of things 2.208
ordinal numbers 2.209, 2.232–2.239, R46–R47
fractions 2.210
age 2.212
and agreement 2.217–2.218
with ordinals and postdeterminers 2.219
as pronouns 2.220
as labels 2.226
after subject pronouns 2.229
in compound adjectives 2.230
with time expressions 2.231
followed by fractions 2.246
percentages 2.249
—————— O ——————
object complement
object of a verb, describing (object complement) 3.161–3.171
object already mentioned 3.51–3.53
verbs with object complements 3.128
object pronouns 1.104–1.106
of
in prepositional phrases 1.109, 2.277–2.283
after nouns and adjectives 6.120
with reporting verbs 7.85
objects
•indirect objects 3.6, 3.73–3.82, 6.113
•direct objects 3.3, 3.14–3.18
leaving objects out 3.22–3.33, 3.49–3.50
in phrasal verbs 3.101–3.106
of prepositions 3.106, 6.73, 6.77
with reporting verbs 7.82–7.84
offers and invitations 5.42, 5.171–5.173
offers of help 5.174–5.176
on
list of nouns usually followed by on 2.288
in time expressions 4.96–4.98
referring to exact position 6.89
with reporting verbs 7.85
once
as adverb of frequency 4.115
referring to sequence of events 8.15
one
as generic pronoun 1.121
as pronoun 1.161, 3.140
as possessive determiner 1.208
as determiner 1.249–1.250
as cardinal number 2.214–2.215
one another
only 9.65
opinions 5.7
or
after whether in conditional clauses 8.40
linking words and phrases 8.152, 8.173, 8.187, 8.193, 8.200
orders and instructions 5.35, 5.43
reporting orders and requests 7.39–7.42
ordinal numbers 2.209, 2.232–2.239, R46–R47
as modifiers 2.233
written forms 2.234
with of 2.235
as pronouns 2.236–2.237
as adverbs 2.238
other
others and the others as pronouns 1.160–1.161
used with countable nouns 1.224
used with plural nouns and uncountable nouns 1.240
every other 4.118
ought to
expressing expectation 5.131–5.134
making suggestions 5.182
expressing importance 5.213, 5.216
oughtn’t to 5.102
our 1.194–1.208
ours 1.107–1.110, 1.122
ourselves 1.111–1.118, 1.122
out 6.68, 6.94
over
talking about age 2.260–2.261
talking about periods of time 4.106
own 1.200, 1.215
—————— P ——————
participles R124–R135
-ed participle 2.293, 2.300, 3.201, 3.212, 8.137–8.138, 8.142–8.143, R71–R80
-ing participle 2.293, 2.301, 3.190–3.191, 3.204, 8.71, 8.72, 8.88, 8.133–8.136, 8.139–8.141, R59–R70
partitives
passive 3.207, 3.208, 9.3, 9.8–9.24, R109–R119, R129
for expressing general beliefs 7.69
in reported speech 7.73–7.74
formation 9.9, R109–R119, R129
with by 9.14
mentioning things or methods used 9.15
of verbs referring to states 9.16
phrasal verbs in 9.17
verbs that are usually used in the passive 9.18
verbs that are rarely used in the passive 9.19
of reporting verbs 9.45
past continuous
past forms R52–R84
past perfect 4.37–4.39, R102
for emphasizing time and duration 4.38
for expectations and wishes 4.39
time adverbials used with the past perfect 4.49–4.51
past perfect progressive 4.38–4.39, R103
past progressive 4.31–4.32, R99
repeated actions 4.31
contrasting events 4.32
used with the past simple 4.44
time adverbials used with past progressive 4.45
for events planned in the past 4.67–4.68
past simple 4.27–4.30, R98
for habitual and regular actions 4.30
time adverbials used with past simple 4.44
past time 4.26–4.51
•past perfect 4.37–4.39, R102
•past perfect progressive 4.38, R103
•past progressive 4.31–4.32, R99
•past simple 4.27–4.30, R98
•present perfect 4.33–4.36, R100
•present perfect progressive 4.35, R101
repeated actions 4.31
using time adverbials to indicate past time 4.40
modals in 5.133–5.139
percentages 2.249, R49