head
cervical muscle and skin of the neck,
shoulders, and arms
chorda tympani taste sensations in tongue; salivary glands
ciliary contracts and dilates the pupil of the
eye
cranial 12 pairs of nerves attached to the
base of the brain; olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
cutaneous sensation to all skin areas of the
body
digital facial skin sensation to fingers and toes;
also, muscles of the face
femoral muscles and skin of hip and thigh
frontal skin of forehead and upper eyelid,
frontal sinus
genitofemoral sensation to skin of thigh, testicles, and the lips of the vagina
glossopharyn- supplies tongue, palate, and pharynx geal
gluteal muscles of the buttocks
hemorrhoidal muscles and skin of the rectum area
hypogastric pelvic organs
hypoglossal muscles of the tongue
iliohypogastric muscles and skin of abdomen and buttocks
ilioinguinal muscles of the abdominal wall, skin of thigh, scrotum, and labia
infraorbital supplies upper teeth, nasal floor, facial skin beneath the eyes
interosseous forearm muscles labial sensation to the lips
lacrimal lacrimal gland and skin of upper
eyelid
laryngeal muscles of the larynx, esophagus,
trachea, and tongue
lingual floor of mouth and a portion of the
tongue
lumbar muscles and skin of the lower back
and pelvic organs, sensation to the skin of lower abdomen and legs
mandibular supplies chewing muscles; sensation to the lower teeth
maxillary sensation to the skin of the upper
face, palate, and upper teeth
median muscles of the forearm; sensation to
the wrist and hand
mental sensation to the skin of the lower lip
and chin
nasal sensation to the skin of the nose
nasociliary sensation to the eye and the eyelids
nasopalatine sensation to the nasal septum and mucous membrane of the hard palate
obturator hip and knee joints, inner side
muscles of the thigh; sensation to the skin of all these regions
occipital sensation to the scalp over the top
and back of head; sensation to the back of the ear and back of the neck
oculomotor eyeball muscles
olfactory supplies the olfactory bulb and is
responsible for the sense of smell
ophthalmic sensation to the forehead, eyeball, and sinus area
optic supplies the retina of the eye; vision
is impossible without it
palatine sensation to the gums, mucous
membranes of hard palate, soft palate, and tonsils palpebral sensation to the eyelids
peroneal supplies the knee joint; sensation to
the skin of the leg, ankle, and foot
petrosal serves parts of the palate and
salivary glands phrenic diaphragm
plantar toe muscles
plexus collective term for any group or
conglomeration of nerves popliteal muscles around the knee
pterygoid jaw muscles and joints
pudendal penis and clitoris; skin of the anus
radial muscles of the upper arm and fore
arm; also supplies sensation to the skin of the arm and hand recurrent larynx
laryngeal
sacral pelvic organs, thigh muscles; also,
sensation to these areas
saphenous sensation to the skin of the inner
side of the leg and foot
scapular muscles that move the shoulder blade
sciatic large nerve extending from the
lower back down the back of the thigh; it supplies the skin and muscles of the thigh and leg
scrotal sensation to the skin of the scrotum
splanchnic groups of nerves serving the stom
ach, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, intestines, and other organs supraclavicular sensation to the skin of the neck, shoulders, and chest
supraorbital sensation to the forehead and upper eyelid
thoracic 12 pairs of spinal nerves supplying
skin and muscles of the back, arms, and abdominal wall
thoracic, lateral pectoral muscles of the chest anterior
thoracodorsal supplies latissimus dorsi muscle tibial skin and muscles of leg and foot
trigeminal skin and muscles of face and jaw
trochlear eyeball muscle
ulnar muscles of the forearm, hand;
sensation to the skin in little and ring fingers; responsible for painful "funny bone" sensation when struck
vagus muscles of the throat, larynx, heart,
lungs, abdominal organs
zygomatic skin of cheek and temple
nose
anosmia inability to smell.
barosinusitis a sinus inflammation caused by a difference in atmospheric pressure inside and outside the nose.
columella the lower, front portion of the septum.
deviated septum a septum that has become crooked due to surgery, trauma, or abnormal growth; it often causes headaches or sinusitis; or it may block breathing through one nostril.
epistaxis a nosebleed.
nasal polyps benign nasal growth or tumors.
nasopharynx the nose and throat.
olfactory pertaining to the sense of smell.
olfactory bulbs extensions of the brain that relay odor signals to the brain.
olfactory epithelium in the roof of the nose, two yellow brown patches of membrane that trap odor molecules and act as smell receptors.
olfactory nerves transmit smell signals to the olfactory bulbs and to the brain.
osmology the study of the sense of smell.
parosima a distorted sense of smell, occurring in some cases of schizophrenia.
phantosmia odor hallucinations, suffered by some mentally ill patients.
philtrum the divot just below the nose and above the upper lip. Also known as the rhinarium.
postnasal drip mucus from the back of the nose that discharges down the throat.
rhinencephalon the portion of the brain concerned with smell.
rhinitis inflammation of the lining of the nose.
rhinology the study of the nose and its diseases and disorders.
rhinophyma a condition causing enlargement and redness of the nose. Also known as rummy nose, whiskey nose.
rhinoplasty plastic surgery on the nose; a nose job.
246 HUMAN BODY AND MIND rhinorrhea runny nose.
septum the thin wall of cartilage separating the two nasal passages.
sinuses the four groups of air-filled, mucus-lined chambers in the facial bones: frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary.
sinusitis an inflammation of the sinuses, often resulting from the common cold.
vibrissae hairs in the nose.
organs and glands
adenoids organs of unknown function in the back of the throat behind the nose.
adrenal glands resting above the kidneys, the glands that secrete a wide array of hormones, including adrenalin and cortisone. Also known as the suprarenal glands.
anus the end portion of the gastrointestinal tract whose muscular action eliminates feces.
apocrine glands sweat glands.
appendix near the large intestine, a vestigial organ whose function is unknown.
bladder in the lower abdomen, a storage sac for urine secreted by the kidneys.
bone marrow the soft tissue in the middle of bones that manufactures new blood cells.
brain the organ of mental and nerve processes, divided into two hemispheres and several suborgans.