off-speed spike a spike struck deceptively soft to throw the blockers' timing off.
overhand pass the standard pass executed with both hands held at head height or above.
seam the open space between two serve receivers, or any vulnerable area between players.
service area where the ball is served, specifically both right rear corners of the court at end lines and extending 6 feet back.
serving rotation the rotation of servers on each new possession of the ball, the players moving clockwise into their new positions.
set an overhand pass that places the ball into good position for a teammate to spike over the net.
setter the player whose primary function it is to set the ball to the spiker.
side out the transfer of the serve to the defensive team after the offensive team fails to score a point.
sizzling the pits spiking the ball directly into a blocker's armpits.
spike a ball that is struck powerfully into the opponent's court.
spiker the player who executes the spike.
thrown ball any ball that is judged to be thrown instead of struck, a foul violation.
windsurfing
abeam at right angles to the board. aft toward the stern.
apparent wind the wind felt by the windsurfer, not the true wind one would feel if standing still.
backing wind a wind that is changing direction in a counterclockwise manner.
beam reach a wind blowing from abeam at 90° to the board's course.
bearing away sailing away from the wind.
beating sailing a zigzagging course to windward close-hauled.
bow the front or nose of the board.
break the point where a wave breaks.
camber the degree of curve or fullness in a sail.
carve to cut a turn at high speed.
cavitation when the small fin or fins at the back of the board fail to grip the water, causing the stern to slip and slide sideways.
cleat a hook or fitting on which line is secured.
clew the outside corner of a sail; it attaches to the end of the wishbone.
clew-first to sail with the outside corner of the sail pointed into the wind, used in freestyle and as a means of changing course.
close-hauled sailing as close to the wind as possible.
close reach the wind blowing slightly forward of abeam.
cross seas waves or current that strikes the board from abeam.
daggerboard the large, removable center fin that prevents the board from sliding sideways. See storm daggerboard.
donkey kick a method of kicking the back of the board down to facilitate launching or jumping off a wave.
dry suit a neoprene suit to protect the wearer from cold water and hypothermia.
duck tack to duck under the rig, as opposed to walking around it, when tacking.
eye of the wind the exact direction from which a wind is blowing.
fin a skeg or daggerboard.
following seas waves or current moving toward the board from behind.
foot the bottom of the sail.
freestyle the performance of stunts on the board. In noncompetition, also known as hotdogging.
freshening wind a wind growing in strength.
fresh wind a wind of 17 to 21 knots.
gybing see jibing.
harden to bring the said closer to the body. head the top of the sail.
head sea current or waves that strike the board head on or from the front.
hull the board itself, minus the rig.
hypothermia dangerous loss of body heat, due to extended exposure to cold water or air.
jibing turning from one tack to another so that the stern passes through the eye of the wind. Also spelled gybing.
leech the edge of the sail between the clew and the head.
leeward the side farthest from the wind. Opposite of windward.
leeway sideways movement of the board to leeward. luff the edge of the sail from the head to the tack. luff up to change course and sail closer to the wind. marginal sail a sail used in hard winds. mast same as a mast in a sailboat.
mast foot the portion of the mast that attaches inside the mast foot well.
offshore wind a wind blowing from the land to the water.
onshore wind a wind blowing from the water to the land.
outhaul the line that pulls the clew out to the end of the wishbone.
pintail a board having a tapered tail for better control in strong winds.
plane to skim lightly across the surface of the water.
port when looking forward, the left side of the board.
pumping pumping the rig back and fort to produce added wind in the sail.
purling surfing the bow straight into a wave and going head over heels.
rail the side of the board.
railing sailing with the board slightly inclined on its side.
regatta a meeting of windsurfers who compete in events or races.
rig all of the rigging above the universal joint; collective term for the mast, sail, and wishbone.
roundboard a board having a rounded belly, faster but less stable than a regular board.
running sailing with the wind coming from directly behind.
scoop curvature at the nose of the board.
skeg a small fin at the stern of the board to prevent the tail from sliding.
slalom to jibe and tack.
starboard when looking forward, the right side of the board.
stern the back of the board.
storm daggerboard a short daggerboard.
tack the corner of the sail by the universal joint.
tacking a method of changing course in which the nose of the board passes through the eye of the wind.
trim to let the sail in or out as wind conditions change.
universal joint at the mast foot, the apparatus that allows the rig to be inclined and to be swung 360°.
uphaul the line used to pull the rig up out of the water.
veering wind a wind that is changing direction in a clockwise manner.
wetted area the portion of board touched by water, producing drag.
windward the side of the board nearest the wind. wishbone the booms.
wrestling
advantage position the on-top position.
amplitude a throw with exceptional height. Exceptional height on a throw scores extra points in some styles of wrestling.
ankle ride manipulating an opponent in a disadvan- taged position by lifting his ankle.
arm throw locking the opponent's arm and executing a throw by rotating the body.
back-arching a throwing method in which the wrestler grasps his opponent and literally bends over backward, causing the opponent to flip over and be pinned.