Unlike the natural course of things, the industrial center was created as a metallurgical center. On the territory to the north of the Bosporus on a small river East Bulganak, by the autumn of 1203, a very significant complex developed, employing about 250 skilled workers. The river was blocked by a dam and equipped with an inclu- sive water wheel, which was used to drive the bellows that injected air or into the blast furnace, or into the refining furnace. The blast furnace itself, having a height of seven meters and a volume of about seven cubes, could restore up to 5 tons of ore at a time. It worked on imported lime ore and birch coal from the Kievan principality, and the air came to it pre-heated, this allowed to get a very good yield - from 5 tons of ore containing about 30-40% of iron, it was possible to restore up to 1500 kg of the desired metal, coming out in the form of cast iron. It was an excellent result for the early 13th century. But at this stage the processing of iron did not end. Further cast iron went in small batches to a puddling furnace, where from it burned off excess carbon, and also phosphorus, with the help of calcareous additives. The resulting steel, even in the stage of the dough-like mixture, was rolled in 10 kg portions on hand-held machines to produce the so-called welded steel. The first welded steel of more or less adequate quality began to be received by May 1203, but this development did not end there. Further work went on the process of doping. By November, mastered two running alloying additives - silicon and manganese, which in the form of an alloy with iron added to the burnt cast iron. And, by the same time, the efficiency of the first metallurgical factory reached the output level of up to 100 kg of welded alloy steel per day, while the bottleneck was a small puddling furnace and a manual rolling mill. That is, to increase productivity, you need to put the second parallel line. At the same time, methods of processing, in particular tools, were mastered. Of course, primitive machines - rolling, impact, pressing and turning - played a special role. The rolling machine had two granite shafts, between which rolled hot steel mass, gradually reducing its thickness. Since the width of the shafts and guides was fixed, the product of such rolled steel was the steel sheets of the required thickness and the same size. The shaft drive was manual - the torque was transmitted by reducing the transfer of massive bronze gears. The impact machine was a steel hammer weighing about 40 kg with a mechanical drive. The hammer was located on the mobile machine. He was cocked by means of a lower gear gear and eccentric. The elevation angle was exhibited in advance, it allowed to regulate the impact force. The press machine was designed for a standard sheet of steel coming out of a rolling mill, and it was a simple construction with a vertical worm drive and a ratio of a downshift of 30 to 1, which made it possible to develop a good effort. Serious problems arose only with the lathe, which, firstly, was needed in several copies, and secondly, the manual drive was sorely lacking for it - either the turns turned out to be small, or the torque. Everything was decided after the construction of a separate hut in which each lathe was driven by a horse walking in a circle. The only serious constructive disadvantage was that it was impossible to process long blanks on it. But since this was not required, because it was intended for the production of crossbow bolts, then such a defect could be neglected. The whole complex occupied about two dozen acres of land and was surrounded by a high stone fence. The entrance to the territory was limited, and all workers were forbidden to discuss any details of the production process on pain of the execution of the family. Since it was a manufactory, there was a strong division of labor with the separation of profile departments, again, this contributed to security - no worker knew the entire production process. Due to the peculiarities of the terrain, by modern standards, the manufactory turned out to be rather low-power, but for that time its possibilities were something beyond the bounds, almost fabulous. In addition to metallurgy, two more very interesting complexes were deployed next to the Bospor. The first was a selection field on which to engage in relevant activities in order to increase the yield of grain crops. The second was the center of brewing. As a matter of fact it was the second manufacture, on which 120 more people worked. The effectiveness of this production was excellent - after the launch of a full cycle a day, about 100 liters of high-quality refined alcohol were obtained. The latter part was packed into clay tanks approximately 1 liter and went on sale as a medical product - for washing wounds, and part was sent to the second department of the manufactory. In this department, it was diluted with fresh water filtered through carbon and silver filters in a ratio of 1 to 4, then packaged in oak barrels into which flavoring fruit additives were added and insisted. After insisting, the liquor was filtered and packaged in containers of commercial containers - 5 and 10 liters. The ratio of medical alcohol to liquors in the production process was about 1 to 20, so the liquor went to cheer in Europe and became appreciated as an exquisite drink, for which they paid well. While alcohol, which went for medical purposes, could afford only very wealthy people, that in the East, that in the West, because it was almost golden. Of course - with this state of affairs, alcohol disagreed in smaller batches, but brought very serious incomes. So, if a liter of liqueur was given on average one Bosporan denarius (50 g of silver), then a liter of alcohol - twenty-five. Manufacture worked on imported raw materials, which was bought up in the Slavic lands, in the first place, of course, it was the Kyiv principality. The cost of production of 1 liter of alcohol, taking into account the cost of raw materials, was 10 Bosporan oblov, this indicated a very high financial efficiency of production. Although, of course, the metallurgical industry was even better in this respect, and if all the products were sold for sale, it could literally be a golden state. However, the metallurgical manufactory was limited to delivering quality forging tools that went literally in weight of gold. Not all smiths could afford them, but 5-10 sets of valuable for 30 Bosporan denarii left with merchant ships every month from November 1203. It would seem strange to organize metallurgical production on imported raw materials, but this is only at first glance strange. It is enough to estimate the value of the ore and coal that were already delivered to Bosporus. So 1 pood of ore was estimated at 3 obols, and a pood of heap of birch coal - at 5. Standing out was the hard coal that was used in the cementing and refining process, its cost was high - as much as 10 obols per pood. In total, the daily consumption of raw materials of the metallurgical manufactory did not exceed three denarii, and the resulting steel was valued at 5 bospor denarii per 1 kg, that is, an incomplete grade of silver of the Vienna standard. But this is so - the price for the prospect, because at first, almost all the product left for own needs - the manufacture of armor and weapons.