101 Letter to Javal, 23 April 1906, Orig II 1723. Likewise, another letter to Javal, 15 Aug. 1906, Orig II 1778.
102Orig II 1787.
4 Alfred Hermann Fried, 'Eine internationale Hilfssprache', Die Woche 4 (1902), 26: 1197—9.
14Alldeutsche Blatter, 17August 1912; quotedin Germana Esperantisto 9 (1912), editionA, p. 152.
22Also the pacifists, themselves virtual pariahs in Wilhelm's Germany, hesitated to reveal their sym- pathies for Esperanto, afraid of provoking protests on the part of the nationalists that the pacifists were undermining the German language and culture: Chickering (1975), pp. 129-30.
46Report in Internacia Socia Revuo 6 (1912): 105-8. On the same occasion there appeared Politika Malliberulo, a special Esperanto-language issue of the Polish journal Wi%zien Polityczny, whose goal was to make world public opinion aware of the terrors in Tsarist Russia.
60 Orig III 2398-2410; English text ('International Language') in Gustav Spiller (ed.), Inter-Racial Problems: Papers from the First Universal Races Congress Held in London in 1911, London: P.S. King, 1911 (reprint New York: Citadel Press, 1970), pp. 425-32.
101 L.G. Montixile, 'L'esperanto', LaNouvelleRevue, 1922, 15July: 167-71 (quotationp. 168);cf. Lescure (1999), p. 705.
104 The report appeared in pamphlet form in several national languages.
108 Esperanto 18 (1922): 167.
111 Letter to Abbe Ricard, 5 June 1923; according to Huber (1973), p. 84. See also Pierre Hirsch & Tazio Carlevaro, 'Gonzague de Reynold kaj Esperanto', Monata Cirkulero, Kultura Centro Esperantista (La Chaux-de-Fonds), 1976, 78: 1-9; Kunzli (2006), pp. 621-6.
126 Albert Steche, 'Der Siegeszug des Esperanto', Leipziger Tageblatt, 4 and 5 April 1914; quoted from the pamphlet with the same title, Leipzig, n.d., p. 7 (emphases in the original).
148 Pechan (1979), p. 90.
170 EdE, p. 548.
14 Steche (1922), p. 21.
56 Sdchs. Esperanto-Landesverband des D.E.B. (circular), 1933, 4 (32): 1.
60 Westdeutscher Beobachter, 7 February 1932; Lokal-Anzeiger (Cologne), 10 September 1932.
nCircular to NDEB members, 18 August 1935. Leadership of NDEB was assumed by Albrecht Naumann, because his predecessor Willibald Pietsch, as a former Freemason, could not be a mem- ber of the Party.
18'55. Lagebericht' (4 December 1935), in Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.), Die Lageberichte der Geheimen Staatspolizei uber die Provinz Brandenburg und die Reichshauptstadt Berlin 1933—1936. Teilband I: Der Regierungsbezirk Potsdam, Cologne and others: Bohlau 1998, p. 390. This same report notes that in Spain and the Netherlands Esperantist activity serves primarily for pacifist propaganda, as proved by stickers used on Esperanto letters, and it recommends that such letters should be confis- cated immediately by the postal authorities.
24 See the report from the Dusseldorf Gestapo to the Berlin headquarters, 27 April 1936, Bundesarchiv, R 58/385, fol. 18-20. On this matter the papers of the Gestapo also contain a clip- ping from the Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant of 6 May 1936: Bundesarchiv, R 58/6221a. Report of one of those arrested: J. M. van Meegeren, 'La "malliberiga stelo"', La Praktiko 5 (1936), 6 (54): 5; see Borsboom (2003), pp. 174-5. The Gestapo also noted a report in the Social Democratic Danziger Volksstimme (4 May 1936) that unknown persons, presumably Nazis, destroyed the 'Esperanto oak' in Zoppot (now Sopot), planted during the 19th World Congress in Danzig in 1927: Bundesarchiv, R 58/7421, fol. 203.
31 SurPosteno, 1934,25 (161): 90; 1935, 1 (169): 1.
54 Geheime Staatspolizei Hamburg to Oscar Bunemann, 22 September 1936; facsimile in Theobald (1948), p. 60.
55 Geheime Staatspolizei, Staatspolizeileitstelle Berlin, to Erwin Stolpe, 15 November 1937; per- sonal communication from Erwin Stolpe, 30 January 1968.
73The report was published most recently in Stephan Lehnstaedt & Jochen Bohler (ed.), Die Berichte der Einsatzgruppen aus Polen 1939, Berlin: Metropol, 2013, pp. 337-41 (quotation from p. 337). Beutel further reports that the family members were interrogated about 'the leadership level' among the Jews and that the search of the houses had been 'so far' without result. According to an internal note (1940), in the homes of Lidia and Zofia Zamenhof newspapers, books 'and minutes of the Esperanto movement' were confiscated; the material was taken by truck to the RSHA, 9 October 1939: note by SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer Herbert Hagen, Bundesarchiv 58/7430, fol. 25. See also Emanuel Ringelblum, Kronika getta warszawskiego, wrzesien 1939-styczen 1943, Warsaw: Cytelnik, 1988, p. 93. On Beutel see Ingrao (2012), pp. 130-3.
101 Also in the archives are long lists of addresses of Esperantists in England, Belgium, Denmark, France, Norway, Romania, Switzerland: Bundesarchiv, R 58/6221b.
128 Comunicat de Premsa (Generalitat de Catalunya). Between 1937 and 1938 at least 33 issues appeared.
156 See chap. 2, 71.
169This is the interpretation favored by Forster (1982), pp. 219-20.
188Nina Langlet, Kaoso en Budapesto, trans. Kalle Kniivila, Varna: Bambu, 2001.
191 'Konsideroj pri organizo', Esperanto 39 (1946): 43.
34 R. Nikolskij, 'Kontrau kalumnioj pri kamarado Drezen', Internaciisto 1 (1930/31): 212-13. As of 1924, Drezen worked primarily in scientific fields, for example on organizational rationalization and linguistics. From 1926 to 1930 he was director of the Institute of Communication. He was professor in various technical colleges and also a board member of the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS). The most detailed study of Drezen to date is that of Kuznecov (1991).
35Formed out of l'anti (the against-person). Adam called himselfLanty as of 1921, Lanti as of 1928.
43 See chap. 7, pp. 237 and following. Publishing an article by Rosa Luxemburg from Die russische Revolution (1918) on 'Imperialism, nationalism and socialism' (Sennacieca Revuo, n.s., 1 [1933/34]: 1-3), Lanti asserted full agreement between her recommendation against the battle for national liberation and his 'sennaciismo'. It is well known that Rosa Luxemburg encountered strong opposi- tion from Lenin to her radical internationalism.
53 As of January 1932 Sennaciulo appeared biweekly, and, as ofFebruary 1933, monthly. Sennacieca Revuo continued to be published as a monthly literary and scientific journal (from October 1928 to February 1933 with the title La Nova Epoko).
54 See esp. the series 'Tago el mia vivo', in which SAT members from various countries wrote about their personal living situations. It was initiated by the Englishman Howard Stay: Sennaciulo 3 (1926/27), 125/126 (19 Feb. 1927): 5-6.
76 A. Tomo (E.F. Spiridovich), '"Labkoroj" en Sovet-Unio', Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 24: 4.
80Cited in Sennaciulo 2 (1925/26), 30 (82): 5. The circular recommended that members of Esperanto circles should join SEU and SAT and subscribe to Sennaciulo and Sennacieca Revuo.