[130] Ruslanda Esperantisto 2 (1906): 157
[131] de Bruin ( 1936 ), p. 19.
[132] Esperanto 7(1911): 281.
[133] Esperanto 7 (1911): 285.
[134] G. Demidjuk, 'Cirkau la interna ideo. Historia skizo', in Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, Jarlibro 5 (1926): 181-96 (esp. pp. 192-3); de Bruin (1936), p. 20.
[135] Hvorostin (1972), p. 83.
[136]A. Stamatiadis in EdE, p. 201; La Ondo deEsperanto 4 (1912): 145-6. In September 1907, the prohibition was lifted, and three years later the parliament of Samos unanimously voted for the compulsory teaching of Esperanto in all the schools on the island.
[137] Esperanto 8 (1912): 41; K. Ch. Shan (Sheng Guocheng), 'Letero el Hinlando', La Ondo de Esperanto 4 (1912): 57.
[138] Internacia Socia Revuo 1 (1907), 3: 15-16, 6: 16, 8-9: 24, 10-11: 15; 3 (1909): 63; Internationaler Sozialisten-Kongress zu Stuttgart, 18. bis 24. August 1907, Berlin: Vorwarts, 1907, p. 23. Jaures and Vaillant also presented to the congress a proposal for a resolution stating that, in the event of an outbreak of war, the proletariat should stage a massive strike and rebel against the authorities; the German August Bebel violently opposed this radical proposal, which ultimately failed to attract a majority.
[139] Germana Esperantisto 9 (1914), edition A, p. 109.
[140] Internacia Socia Revuo 7 (1913): 260.
[141] De Tribune (Amsterdam), 20 June 1908; quoted in Frateco (The Hague), 1908, 3 (Sept.): 1, and
Internacia Socia Revuo 2 (1908): 111.
[142] The German and Austrian social democrats, on the other hand, sharply rejected Esperanto. See Bahr (1978), p. 232 and following.
[143] See E. Lanti's interview with Malatesta in 1924: Sennacieca Revuo 5 (1923/24), 10 (51): 5. Inthe early issues of Internacia Socia Revuo (in 1907) Malatesta was listed as an editorial collaborator.
[144]Miyamoto Masao, La mortasuito. Oosugi Sakae, anarkiisto-esperantisto, Kyoto: l'omnibuso, 1984, pp. 31-6. Two letters by Osugi were published in Internacia Socia Revuo 2 (1908): 20, 70-1.
[145]For their part, the socialist Esperantists admitted that this was so. See the 1912 quotation from La Kulturo (Prague) in de Bruin (1936), p. 9.
[146] See the text of the 'abdication' speech, Orig III 2542-5.
[147]The congress was canceled because of the declaration of war.
[148] Orig III 2563-9.
[149]Orig III 2582-9.
[150] Orig III 2588. By 'free faith member' ('liberkredano', or in other contexts 'neutralisto') Zamenhof understood the tolerant, non-dogmatic religious believer.
[151] Letter to Bourlet, 24 February 1913, Orig III 2570.
[152]Letter to Wilhelm Heller, 30 June 1914, Orig III 2655-7. But Zamenhof repeated his position that the Jews 'are most in need of a neutral language', expressed sympathy for the plan and offered to help with advice. It was anticipated that the first meeting of the association would take place in Paris; a new effort to found a 'Worldwide Esperantist Hebrew Association' was made in 1922. At about the same time as the plan was presented to him, Zamenhof reacted sharply to^an anti-Jewish article appearing in Pola Esperantisto: letter of16 July 1914, Orig III 2663-6; cf. Korjenkov (2011), pp. 273-5, 279.
[153]A partial fulfillment of Zamenhof's ideal can be found in modern ecumenical thought and practice.
[154]Cf. Waringhien (1980), p. 74.
[155] 'Post la Granda Milito. Alvoko al la Diplomatoj', Orig III 2687-92 (quotation p. 2689).
[156]Waringhien (1980), pp. 74-5.
[157] Privat (2007), p. 133.
[158] Haimin Wung-Sung (2011), pp. 11, 13.
[159] Krajewski (2014), pp. 56-9, 62. Even before the outbreak of the First World War it was evident that scientists tended to favor their own national language (English, French, German) over an artificial language: Gordin (2015), pp. 159-63; Garvfa (2015), pp. 105-6.
[160] EeP, pp. 365-7.
[161]Jakob (1933), p. 18.
[162]H. Hodler, 'La socio post la milito', Esperanto 13 (1917): 73-5; reprinted in Jakob (19286, pp. 146-57.
[163] H. Hodler, 'Super', Esperanto 11 (1915): 3;reprintedinJakob (1928), p. 103.
[164]H. Hodler, 'Nova spirito', Esperanto 13(1917): 113; reprinted in Jakob (1928), p. 162.
[165]Edmond Privat, 'La verko de H. Hodler', Esperanto 16 (1920): 102. In 1915-16 Hodler also composed an extensive French-language essay on the peaceful organization of the peoples, which remained unpublished; see the biographical sketch by Eduard Stettler, in Jakob (1928), pp. 48-9. One chapter in the essay, 'La justice internationale et le probleme de l'arbitrage', appeared in Les Documents du Progres. Revue internationale (Lausanne) 10 (1916), Jan.: 280-96. Hodler also con- tributed to the journals La Voix de lHumanite (Lausanne) and Demain. Pages et Documents (Geneva).
[166]H. Hodler, 'Novaj perspektivoj', Esperanto 15 (1919): 58; reprinted in Jakob (1928), p. 88.
[167] The signatories supported the project as private individuals rather than on behalf of their respec- tive delegations. Among them were Edvard Benes (Czechoslovakia), Wellington Koo (China) and Carlos Restrepo, former president of Colombia.
[168]Quoted in Esperanto 16 (1920): 221.
[169] Edmond Privat, 'Esperanto ^e la Ligo de Nacioj', Esperanto 51 (1958): 57-9 (esp. p. 57).
[170]The socialist Henri La Fontaine was one of the founders of the Union ofInternational Associations and president of the International Peace Office. In 1913 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was a strong supporter of Esperanto.
[171] Quoted in Panchasi (2009), p. 147.
[172]Ray Stannard Baker, President Wilson's press secretary (1922), quoted in Panchasi (2009) , p. 140.
[173] Outsiders, however, hardly surprisingly, imputed to the project the goal of introducing Esperanto into the League. See Thhe New York Times, 19 December 1920, reprinted in Ulrich Becker (ed.), Esperanto in The NewYorkTimes (1887-1922), NewYork: Mondial, 2010, p. 219.
[174] Letter of 30 December 1920; quoted in Huber (1973), p. 43. (The headquarters of the French ministry of foreign affairs is located on the Quai d'Orsay.) In general on the anti-Esperanto posi- tion of the French government in the early 1920s, see Panchasi (2009), pp. 135-59.
[175]Lescure (1999), pp. 262-3.
[176] For example the linguist Albert Dauzat (1912), according to Lescure, p. 269.
[177] Lescure, p. 267.
[178] Lescure, p. 413.
[179] Lescure, p. 264.
[180] Guerard (1922), pp. 22, 31.
[181] Andre Baudet, Paris Chamber of Commerce (1921), quoted in Panchasi (2009), p. 152.
[182] Lescure (1999), p. 270.
[183] The Polish delegate also gave his support, with the reservation that the proposal should not lower the prestige of the French language. It is notable that all the Asian member-states supported the proposal, with the exception of Siam, which probably feared offending France. See Masatoshi Matsushita, Japan in the League of Nations, Ph.D. thesis, New York: Columbia University Press, 1929 (reprint New York: AMS Press, 1968), pp. 51-2.
[184] Nitobe, educator, Quaker, pacifist, and a well-known advocate for accord between East and West, was deputy secretary-general from May 1920 to December 1926; later he became a member of the Japanese Chamber of Nobles. His best-known work is Bushido: Thje SoulofJapan: An Exposition of Japanese Thought, Tokyo: Shokwabo, 1900, translated into many languages.