[352]Text in DerDeutscheEsperantist 32 (1935): 15-19.
[353] Der Deutsche Esperantist 32 (1935): 2.
[354] Der Deutsche Esperantist 32 (1935): 130.
[355] Speech in the London Guildhall, 21 August 1907), PVZVIII 89.
[356] Deutsche Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung 1 (1935), 10 (20 May), official part, p. 228. According to Walther, denunciations of GEA by NDEB led to this decree: circular of 23 December
1935.
[357]For example, HeidelbergerNeuesteNachrichten, 11 June 1935; Die Ostschweiz (St. Gallen), 17 June 1935 ('Esperantoverbot in Deutschland'); see the circular of Walther, 23 December 1935. An up- to-date report from Berlin was provided by a letter (22 June 1935) to Andras Cseh from the Jewish Esperantist Margarete Saxl, published in Borsboom (2003), pp. 156—7.
[358] Circular of 12 June 1935.
[359]Kohlbach, 'Vom Esperanto', Deutsche Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung 1 (1935), 11 (5 June), unofficial part, p. 106.
[360] Brunwald, 'Was wird das Ausland dazu sagen?', Esperanto in Deutschland, 1935, p. 18.
[361] Letter of 'a long time Esperantist' in GEJ-Gazeto, 1984, 3 (May/June): 34.
[362] Letter of Fritz Rockmann, Magdeburg, to Hans Jakob, 13 December 1934 (copy in the author's possession); cf. Sikosek (2006), p. 134.
[363] Circular to NDEB members, 18 August 1935.
[364] Letter of 23 June 1935; text in an appendix to a circular from Walther to GEA members, 23 June 1935.
[365] Letter of 2 July 1935, published in Der Deutsche Esperantist 32 (1935): 108. The letter, like that of 3 June 1935, was signed by Rudolf Buttmann, who in 1928 attacked Esperanto in the Bavarian Parliament. Buttmann as of 5 May 1933 led the cultural policy department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (until 1935). From June 1933 to 1945 he chaired the Deutscher Sprachverein.
[366]Report of 16 July 1935, Bundesarchiv, R 58/7421, fol. 90, 92-4. The publications were the aforementioned speech of Hitler and La Nova Germanlando.
[367]One of those arrested, Matthias Trauden, from Duisburg, declared to the Gestapo that NDEB was 'the only Communist organization in Germany working legally', and that under the cover of the leadership were party members who were able 'to work without hindrance': police report, Dusseldorf, 7 March 1935, Bundesarchiv, R 58/389, fol. 8-9; communication of Heinrich Himmler, 13 November 1935, Bundesarchiv, R 58/389, fol. 117; internal report of 8 June 1940 (see p. 129), Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 221. NDEB, which expelled Trauden after his arrest, confessed that it had difficulties with 'former worker Esperantists' in its ranks but assured the authorities that because of its 'constant contact' with the Gestapo there was no need for concern: Esperanto in Deutschland, 1935, p. 25. For more details see Bludau (1973), pp. 108-13, 116.
[368] Bundesarchiv, R 58/378, fol. 56-60.
[369]Bundesarchiv, R 58/378, fol. 89. In 1940, Heydrich noted with satisfaction that following the dissolution the foreign press did not involve itself 'except in a single case': internal report of 8 June 1940 (see p. 129), Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 225.
[370] Letter from Geheimes Staatspolizeiamt to Stellvertreter des Fuhrers, 21 January 1936, Bundesarchiv, R 58/378, fol. 114-7 (also R 58/7421, fol. 188-95).
[371]Theodor Koch, 'Esperanto, ein Bundesgenosse des Weltjudentums', Der Weltkampf 12 (1935), 326—9 (quoting p. 327). The author also contributed an anti-Esperanto article to the anti-Semitic periodical Der Judenkenner (no. 27, 21 August 1935).
[372] Die Bewegung (Zentralorgan des Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Studentenbundes), 1936, 2 (8 January).
[373] Letter from the Ministry to Esperantists in Katowice, 13 September 1935, quoted in Der Deutsche Esperantist 32 (1935): 162.
[374] Decree no. 29/36, in Zusammenstellung aller bis zum 31. Mdrz 1937erlassenen und noch gŭltigen Anordnungen des Stellvertreters des Fŭhrers, Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1937, p. 262.
[375] Warum Esperanto? Warum Deutscher Esperanto-Bund? Dresden: Deutscher Esperanto-Bund,
1936.
[376]Deutscher Esperanto-Bund e. V., Bundesnachrichten, 1936, no. 5 (June/July).
[377] Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 3.
[378]The requirement was also directed at the NDEB, the 'Amika Rondo' (Friendly Circle) Club in Berlin and the Esperanto Union of Businessmen in Radebeul. The German Ido Federation (Germana Ido-Federuro) was immediately prohibited.
[379]The decree of 6 June 1936 was signed on Himmler's behalf by Dr. Werner Best, who was Heydrich's deputy: Bundesarchiv, R 58/7421, fol. 204-5.
[380]Thieme could read the text of the decree but was not entitled to receive it for distribution to the members: circular of Thieme, 12 July 1936. The Businessmens Esperanto Union was able, under the name 'Commercial Union', to continue to operate for some time. The Esperanto Institute for the German Reich closed its office in Leipzig on 31 December 1936.
[381] Following the war, GEA was re-established (12 April 1947).
[382] Protokolaropri laXIV-a Kongreso de SATen Valencio, 1934, p. 5.
[383]L. Schŭdl, 'NIVEA', Der Esperantist 7 (1971), 50: 6-8.
[384] For example, they denied that workers in Germany had heroically fought against fascism and labeled as incorrect the Communist propaganda to the effect that the regime would not long sur- vive: Sennacieca Revuo, n.s., 1 (1933/34): 51-3.
[385] WG. Keable spoke of their 'grandiloquent, erroneous "high politics"': SurPosteno, 1933, 8 (145): 61.
[386] Protokolaro Valencio, p. 6.
[387]Willi Glier and others, Zur Geschichte der Arbeiter-Esperanto-Bewegung im Bezirk Erzgebirge- Vogtland (1907-1933), Karl-Marx-Stadt: Kulturbund der DDR, 1976, pp. 32-3.
[388]Karl Schabrod, Widerstand an Rhein und Ruhr 1933-1945, Dusseldorf: VVN, 1969, p. 40; Bludau (1973), pp. 108-13, 116. The leader of the workers' Esperanto group, who carried out these courier services, was the miner Alois Huber, of Duisburg, later condemned to life imprison- ment. His companion Matthias Trauden (see p. 113, note 13) was imprisoned for ten years.
[389]Theobald (1948), p. 59.
[390] From a paper by Hellmut Fuchs, Der Esperantist 5 (1969), 28/29: 30.
[391] Personal communication by Robert Stoffers, Cassis, 15 November 1970. Stoterau was arrested along with his fellow members. Today a street in Bremerhaven bears his name. On Stoterau and his companion Stoffers, see also Bundesarchiv, R 58/384.
[392] Interview with Kurt Nissen, July 1977.
[393]Wolfgang Langhoff, DieMoorsoldaten. 13MonateKonzentrationslager, Munich: Zinnen-Verlag, 1946, p. 225, concerning experiences in the Borgermoor concentration camp near Papenburg in
1933/34.
[394]Diethelm Becker, DerArbeiter-Esperanto-Bundaufdem Wegzu einerrevolutiondren Organization des deutschen Proletariats, dissertation, University of Rostock, 1968, pp. 47-8.
T.L., 'Inter ni', Sennaciulo 5 (1928/29): 534. Reprinted under the title 'Vivu la neutralismo!' in Lanti (1931), pp. 73-4; and in Sennaciulo 9 (1932/33): 93-4.
[396] Protokolaro Valencio, p. 6.
[397] Protokolaropri la XIII-a SAT-Kongreso en Stokholmo, 1933, p. 8.
[398] Letter from the Politische Polizeikommandeur der Lander to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 26 June 1935, Bundesarchiv, R 58/378, fol. 56-60. On the position of Heydrich in 1935 see Robert Gerwarth, Hitler s Hangman: Thje Life ofHeydrich, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011, p. 94.