[399] In this way the German police were centralized, but, at the same time, following their amalgama- tion with the party SS, in effect were removed from state jurisdiction: Helmut Krausnick and oth- ers, Anatomy of the SS State, trans. Richard Barry and others, New York: Walker & Co., 1968, pp. 157 and following, 164.
[400]Circular from Thieme, 12 July 1936.
[401]Circular from Thieme, 21 July 1936.
[402] Internal report, 8 June 1940, Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 225.
[403] Geheime Staatspolizei Berlin, 1 July 1937, Bundesarchiv, R 58/387, fol. 119.
[404] E. Malmgren, 'Novjara saluto de la Prezidanto de U.E.A.', Esperanto 41(1948): 1-2 (esp. p. 1).
[405] Personal communication from Artur Gitzinger, Solingen, 4 July 1966.
[406] Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 150-1. The journal was Vocoj el Oriento (Hongkong), 1938, 7/8 (Aug.): 8.
[407]Theodor Koch to Gestapo Bremen, 7 April 1938, Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 135.
[408] Reichsfuhrer SS, 3 June 1939, Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 183.
[409]AŭstriaEsperantisto 13 (1936), 2: 2.
[410] Hall & Kostner (2006), p. 383.
[411] Sennaciulo 14 (1937/38): 75.
[412] Internal report, 8 June 1940, Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 226.
[413] In the Gestapo archives, an issue of Aŭstria Esperantisto (13 December 1937) is preserved that energetically pleads for the independence of Austria ('Trifoje Austrio!'): Bundesarchiv, R 58/6221b.
[414] Internal report 8 June 1940, Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 227.
[415] Report of Dr. Hans Unger to the German Esperanto Institute, 2 June 1948; extract in La Ponto 3 (1949): 5-6. In much the same way, a guide to the SS in 1942 named the term 'humankind' 'a Jewish lie': Bialas (2014), p. 145.
[416]Hitler himself said early in 1941 that a hundred years hence German would be the language of Europe: Werner Jochmann (ed.), Adolf Hitler, Monologe im Fuhrerhauptquartier 1941-1944, Hamburg: Knaus, 1980, p. 124. The policies of Nazi Germany were more and more characterized by efforts to install German as the dominant language of Europe: Dirk Scholten, Sprachverbreitungspolitik des nationalsozialistischen Deutschlands, Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 2000, p. 57. Franz Thierfelder published a book on German as 'world language': Deutsch als Weltsprache. I: Die Grundlagen der deutschen Sprachgeltung in Europa, Berlin: Verlag fur Volkstum, Wehr und Wirtschaft, 1938 (on Esperanto see pp. 29-32). See also Christopher Hutton, Linguistics and the Third Reich: Mother-Tongue Fascism, Race and the Science ofLanguage, London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 201-2. In 1951 Thierfelder was among the founders of the Goethe-Institut.
[417]Henry Picker (ed.), Hitlers Tischgesprache im Fŭhrerhauptquartier, 3rd edn., Stuttgart: Seewald, 1976, pp. 453-4. In May 1942 Hitler expressed the hope that in Bohemia and Moravia the author- ities would succeed 'within 20 years, in reducing the Czech language to the significance of a dialect' (Picker, p. 322). See also Himmler's memorandum of May 1940, specifying that non-German peoples should have an elementary-school education only up to the fourth year: 'Einige Gedanken uber die Behandlung der Fremdvolkischen im Osten', Vierteljahrshefte fŭr Zeitgeschichte 5 (1957): 196-8 (esp. p. 197).
[418] Esperanto Internacia 11 (1947): 3.
[419]Jochen August (ed.), 'Sonderaktion Krakau . Die Verhaftung der Krakauer Wissenschaftler am 6. November 1939, Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 1997, p. 30. In Bujwid's home the police found his extensive correspondence with Robert Koch and probably did not arrest him for that reason.
[420] Dobrzynski (2005), p. 24.
[421]See Boulton (1960), p. 213.
[422] Dobrzynski (2005), p. 25; Raul Hilberg and others (ed.), The Warsaw Diary ofAdam CzerniakoW: Prelude to Doom, New York: Stein & Day, 1979, p. 179.
[423] Zofia Banet-Fornalowa, Lafamilio Zamenhof, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland: Kooperativo de Literatura Foiro, 2000, pp. 90-1. See also Isaj Dratwer, Lidja Zamenhof. Vivo kaj agado, Antwerp & La Laguna: tk & Stafeto, 1980, pp. 102-9 (reproductions of four postcards written from Warsaw between May 1940 and January 1942); Wendy Heller, Lidia: Thje Life ofLidia Zamenhof, Daughter of Esperanto, Oxford: Ronald, 1985; and the article collection compiled by Amouroux (2008). Wanda, the wife of Adam, and her son were hidden by a non-Jewish family in Warsaw and survived.
[424] Best known are Leo Belmont, Halina Weinstein, Edward Wiesenfeld, Jakub Szapiro, Izrael Lejzerowicz (on these individuals see Banet-Fornalowa [20036 ), Leopold Dreher and Wilhelm Robin.
[425] Czeslaw Pruski, UEA representative in Lublin, was shot early in February 1941 apparently pri- marily because of the fact that he was an Esperantist: Jan Zawada in Pola Esperantisto 42 (1962), 4 (Jul./Aug.): 5.
[426]See Hachmeister (1998); Ingrao (2012), p. 134. Heydrich brought Six into the Security Service in April 1935. Department II was, as of 1940, re-designated as Department VII.
[427] Carsten Schreiber, Elite im Verborgenen. Ideologie und regionale Herrschaftspraxis des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS und seines Netzwerks am Beispiel Sachsens, Munich: Oldenbourg, 2008, p. 126.
[428] Hachmeister (1998), p. 157; Ingrao (2012), p. 143. Heydrich designated Six as leader of an operations group to begin activities following the occupation of England: Gerwarth, Hitler's Hangman, p. 177.
[429] Koch to Gestapo Bremen, 4 April 1938, Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 131.
[430] Notes of Kunze, 18 April 1940 and 10 June 1940, Bundesarchiv, R 58/7430, fol. 1 & 23. On the back of a notice of material confiscated from members of the Zamenhof family (see p. 126, note 73) Kunze noted (5 June 1940), that he, along with SS-Untersturmfuhrer Schmaljohann, had looked through the material for Koch's use.
[431] Bundesarchiv, R 58/384, fol. 217-27.
^Several drafts can be found in the writings by which Koch, beginning in 1935, proposed his services to the Gestapo. See Bundesarchiv, R 58/378, fol. 29-36, and R 58/593, fol. 1-2.
[433] An erroneous rendering of 'Chowewe Zion' (Hovevei Zion, Lovers of Zion).
[434] A reference to Isaiah's prophecy of a future reign of eternal peace: 'And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more' (Isaiah 2.4).
[435] Literally 'porridge of peoples' (Ger. 'Volkerbrei'). The formula appeared earlier in an article by Koch in the journal Der Judenkenner, 1935 (see p. 115, note 17).
[436] Note from Heydrich for Himmler, 2 July 1940, published in Helmut Krausnick, 'Hitler und die Morde in Polen', Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 11 (1963): 196-209 (quotation from p. 206).
[437] Note from Kunze, 10 June 1940, Bundesarchiv, R 58/7430, fol. 23-4.
[438] Ingrao (2012), p. 171; Patricia Kennedy Grimsted and others (ed.), Returnedfrom Russia: Nazi Archival Plunder in Western Europe and Recent Restitution Issues, Builth Wells: Institute of Art and Law, 2007, p. 51.
[439] Sonderkommando II 122, Vienna, 7 April 1938, Bundesarchiv, R 58/7150, fol. 11.
[440]Report of Koch, sent from Bremen to the RSHA, 22 April1941, Bundesarchiv R 58/7430, fol. 61-8 (quoted from fol. 64).
[441] Note by RSHA (VII B 4), 11 September 1941, Bundesarchiv, R 58/7430, fol. 73-4.