[569] 'Declaration', Le Travailleur Esperantiste, 2nd series, 1 (1919), 1 (Aug.): 1.
[570]Aseto, 'Diskutejo. Cu internacia au sennacieca organizajo?', Esperantista Laboristo 1 (1920), 3 (Apr.): 2.
[571] Sennaciulo (=Lanti), 'Liberiga Stelo al la Verdruguloj', Esperantista Laboristo 1 (1920), 10 (Nov.): 2.
[572] E. Lanti, Forla neutralismon!, new edn., Paris: Eldona Fako Kooperativa de SAT, 2007, p. 14.
[573]Lanti, Forla neŭtralismon!, pp. 12-13.
[574] Letter of greeting from Henri Barbusse to the founding congress of SAT in Prague; see Esperantista Laboristo 2 (1921), 7/8 (18/19): 1. Earlier Barbusse had called Esperanto 'the ABC of the International': 'Al la internaciistoj', Esperantista Laboristo 2 (1921), 2 (13): 3. Barbusse's sympathy for Esperanto became known principally through his foreword to the textbook Cours rationnel et complet dEsperanto (Paris: Federation esperantiste revolutionnaire, 1921).
[575] Cf. E. Adam, 'Mortis nobla internaciisto' [on Hodler], Esperantista Laboristo 1 (1920), 4 (May): 1-2.
[576] Lanti, For la neutralismon!, p. 24.
[577] See the essentially programmatic article by L. Revo (Lucien Laurat), 'Mondlingvo kaj klasbatalo', Sennacieca Revuo 3 (1921/22), 1 (20): 1-2.
[578]See 'Lettre de Henri Barbusse', Le Travailleur Esperantiste, 2nd series, 1 (1919), 2 (Sept.): 1; 'Intelektula Internacio', Esperantista Laboristo 1 (1920), 1 (Feb.): 5.Thejournal Clarte publishedan extended discussion of projects for an international language in 1920: Nicole Racine, 'The Clarte movement in France, 1919-21', Journal of Contemporary History 2 (1967), 2: 195-208 (esp. p. 203).
[579] Because of conflict between the idealistic leftists and the controlling Comintern party members towards the end of 1921, the 'Clarte' movement nevertheless lost its original character as an inde- pendent intellectual international.
[580]' La 1-a Internacia Kongreso de la Revolucia Esperantistaro' (minutes), Sennacieca Revuo 3
(1921/22), 1 (20): 2.
[581] 'La 1-a Internacia Kongreso...', p. 4.
[582]Letter from Romain Rolland to E. Lanty, 9 Sept. 1922, trans. Sennacieca Revuo 4 (1922/23), 1: 15. For Lanti's reply see 'Publika letero al Romain Rolland', Sennacieca Revuo 4 (1922/23), 2: 13-14; reprinted in Lanti (1931), pp. 52-6.
[583]See the discussion on Article 2 in Kongresa dokumentaro. IVa Kongreso, Bruxelles, 14. gis 18. a^gusto 1924, Leipzig: Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, 1924, pp. 17-21. The new formula was: 'only a person who approves its Constitution and declares himself fully ready to serve the interests of the Association may be a member of SAT'.
[584] Lanti (1982), pp. 17-19.
[585] Central Committee of.the Soviet Esperantist Union, Nia pozicio. Deklaracia letero al duj revolu- ciaj esperantistaj organizajoj, Moscow, March 1923 (four printed sheets); cf. Sennaciulo 7 (1930/31): 79.
[586] In 1932, after the break with SAT, the SEU Central Committee declared that its 1923 document Nia pozicio, defining the relations with SAT, 'from a historical perspective proved entirely accurate and was correct': Bulteno de Centra Komitato de Sovetrespublikara Esperantista Unio 11 (1932): 14.
[587]The letters in question, from SEU to UEA, were printed in Esperanto 19 (1923): 141-2. Commenting on the decision, UEA protested, distinctly un-neutrally, at the 'Bolshevik violence', conveying 'the expression of its warm sympathy to the oppressed Russian fellow-Esperantists'. See Sikosek (2006), p. 174.
[588] In this congress Lanti met Ellen Kate Limouzin, who was George Orwell's aunt. He subsequently lived with her in Paris for several years.
[589]'IIIa Kongreso de Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, Cassel, 11a- 15a augusto 1923' (minutes), Sennacieca Revuo 5 (1923/24), 1 (43): 11.
[590] On this conflict see Lins (1987), pp. 35-52.
[591] On their relations, see Lins (1996). On Lanti's visit to the editorial office: Lanti (1982), p. 16.
[592] A. Levandovskij, 'Skizo pri la anarkista movado en Rusio dum la Revolucio (1917-1923)', Sennacieca Revuo 5 (1923/24), 9 (50): 9-10; 10(51): 7-8. In this context we should mention that the anarchist Esperantist Qin Baopu, who studied in Moscow, after his return to China publicly cast doubt on the internationalist character of Soviet Russia and, in support of that judgment, explained that, contrary to widespread opinion, the regime was completely opposed to Esperanto: Gotelind Muller, China, Kropotkin und der Anarchismus. Eine Kulturbewegung im China des fruhen 20. Jahrhunderts unter dem Einfluss des Westens und japanischer Vorbilder, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001, p. 483. Qin Baopu in 1924 published a Chinese-language book with the Esperanto subtitle Malsukceso de rusa revolucio (Failure of the Russian Revolution): Muller, p. 509.
[593] E. Drezen & Lucien Revo, 'Pri iu "kompletigo"', Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 49: 4.
[594] 'Protokolo de la Va SAT-Kongreso en Wien', Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 49: 4-5; cf. the letter from Lanti to Martin Muribo, 27 January 1925, in Lanti (1940), p. 61. The social democrat Franz Jonas also pointed out that the Russian SAT members were 'more active than us': 'Protokolo [.] Wien',
Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 51: 3.
[595]'Raporto pri agado de CK SEU dum 1923-1925 jj.', Sovetskii esperantist, 1925: 98. Because Drezen could allow himself to seek compromise in the relations with SAT only on the basis of complete homogeneity in SEU, he continued to attack the anarchist Esperantists in the Soviet Union, describing them as 'much more detrimental and even dangerous for our movement than the remaining representatives of "neutral Esperantism"': E. Drezen, 'La vojoj de la movado mon- dlingva en Sovetlando', Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk, 1926, 15 (41): 2-4 (quotation p. 4).
[596] Lanti (1982), p. 15.
[597] Lanti (1982), p. 20.
[598] Declaration of 27 February 1925: Sovetskiiesperantist, 1925: 55; trans. in Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25)5 26: 7.
[599] Declaration of 28 July 1925: Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk, 1925, no. 1 (27), p. 2; trans. in Sennaciulo 2 (1925/26), 1 (53): 8. The declaration gave a particularly supportive assessment of the usefulness of Esperanto for the proletariat. Boguslavsky was expelled from the Party in 1927 and shot to death
in 1937.
[600] Greetings to the Soviet Esperantists, 12 May 1925, and letter to the Esperanto group in Dolynska: Sovetskii esperantist, 1925: 87-9; trans. in Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 38: 6.
[601]In the essay A vse-taki ona vertitsia (And yet it moves), 1922; cited in Sovetskii esperantist, 1925: 55, trans. in Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 26: 7.
[602] Sovetskii esperantist, 1925: 136, 137, 139. Regarding Izvestiia it was stated that it had recently published notes on Esperanto; regarding Pravda—that it 'still continues to relate to Esperanto insufficiently favorably' (p. 139).
[603] E. Drezen, 'Apliku Esperanton!', Sennaciulo 1 (1924/25), 17: 6.