[799] 'Resolutions of the Summer, 1913, Joint Conference [...]', Lenin, CollectedWorks,vol. 19, 1963, p. 427.
[800] 'Telegram to J.V. Stalin', Lenin, CollectedWorks, vol. 30, 1965, p. 373.
[801]'The Working Class and the National Question' (1913), Lenin, CollectedWorks, vol. 19, 1963, p. 92.
[802] 'Resolutions of the Summer [...]', p. 428.
[803] 'A Letter to S.G. Shahumyan' (1913), Lenin, CollectedWorks,vo\. 19, 1963, p. 501.0nthedis- pute between Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg see particularly 'The Right of Nations to Self-
Determination' (1914), Lenin, CollectedWorks, vol. 20, 1964, pp. 393-450.
[804] 'Corrupting the Workers with Refined Nationalism' (1914), Lenin, Collected Works, vol. 20,
p. 290.
[805] 'Critical Remarks on the National Question' (1913), Lenin, CollectedWorks, vol. 20, p. 20.
[806]'Theses for a Lecture on the National Question', Lenin, CollectedWorks, vol. 41, 1969, p. 316. In his article 'Nationality and Internationality' of 1908 (trans. Ben Lewis, Critique 37 [2009]: 386), which Lenin used extensively for his theses, Kautsky named German, English and French as world languages; Russian, he suggested, might become a fourth.
[807]Carl Lindhagen, I revolutionsland, Stockholm: Ahlen &Akerlunds, 1918, p. 79.
[808] 'Critical Remarks on the National Question' (1913), Lenin, CollectedWorks, vol. 20, p. 24—25.
[809]Cf. Alfred D. Low, Lenin on the Question ofNationality, New York: Bookman Associates, 1958,
p. 54.
[810]In an article on foreign language teaching (1923); cited from Bernhard Schiff, Entwicklung und Reform des Fremdsprachenunterrichts in der Sowjetunion, Berlin: Osteuropa-Institut, 1966, p. 17. On the attitude of Krupskaia see also Sennaciulo 6 (1929/30), 253, 296—7.
[811] See the present volume, p. 199 (note).
[812] Letter to the Esperantist Okhitovich, former party member; cited in Drezen (1931a), p. 249.
[813] Report to the 18th Petrograd region party conference; according to Sennacieca RRevuo 5 (1923/24), 2 (Nov. 1923): 2. Zinoviev was at that time also the president of Comintern.
[814] E. Drezen, Problema mezhdunarodnogo iazyka. Opyt materialisticheskogo obosnovaniia voprosa, Moscow: SESR, 1922; partial translation: 'Pri la problemo de lingvo internacia', Sennacieca Revuo 5 (1923/24), nos. 4 (45) to 7/8 (48/49).
[815] La Nova Epoko, 1922, col. 70-1. On the surrounding events see the present volume, p. 165-6, 176.
[816] A. Jodko, 'Esperanto de l' marksisma vidpunkto', La Nova Epoko, 1922, col. 161.
[817] 'The Political Tasks of the University of the Peoples of the East', J.V Stalin, Works, vol. 7, Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1954, p. 141.
[818]They praised Stalin as the opponent of the theorist of proletarian culture Bogdanov, whose view- point on the development of languages was the same 'great power chauvinism' as Kautsky's: A. Tom (Efim Spiridovich), 'Antipody—I. Stalin i A. Bogdanov', Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk, 1926, 14 (40): 7-8.
[819] On Marr's theory, see L.L. Thomas, The Linguistic Theories of N. Ja. Marr, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1957; Rene L'Hermitte, Marr, marrisme, marristes: science etperversion ideologique. Une page de l'histoire de la linguistique sovietique, Paris: Institut d'etudes slaves, 1987; Slezkine (1996); Mika Lahteenmaki, 'Nikolai Marr and the idea of a unified lan- guage', Language and Communication 26 (2006): 285-95.
[820]Quotations from Voldetero, 'Pri kelkaj scienculaj deklaroj', Sennaciulo 2 (1925/26), 10 (62): 6. See also G. Demidiuk, 'Akademik N. Ia. Marr', Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk, 1925, no. 1 (27): 9—10.
[821] Voldetero, 'Pri kelkaj scienculaj deklaroj', p. 6.
[822] This was the situation in pre-revolutionary Russia, with the important exception of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay.
[823] In his message of greetings to the Sixth SAT Congress in Leningrad: Sennaciulo 2 (1925/26), 46 (98/99): p. 4. Earlier, in 1912, Lunacharsky criticized 'consistent cosmopolitans who believe that the future will bring complete unification to the human race, a single common language and a single common culture': quoted in Ivan Dzyuba, Internationalism or Russification? A Study in the Soviet Nationalities Problem, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968, p. 47.
[824] Na putiakh k mezhdunarodnomu iazyku. Sbornik statei (On paths to the international language. Article Collection), Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo, 1926.
[825]The journal, appearing sometimes monthly, sometimes bi-monthly, was initially called Izvestiia Ts.K. SESS or SESR (Informilo de C.K SEU), and as of January 1929 Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk (Internacia Lingvo). Contributions were almost exclusively in Russian.
[826] E. Spiridovich, 'Za novoe iazykoznanie' (For the new linguistics), Izvestiia Ts.K. SESS 5
(1926/27): 1-5.
[827] E. Spiridovic, 'Laskemodelingvaevoluo' [2], Sennacieca Revuo 4/8 (1926/27): 76-9 (quotation p. 79).
[828] Spiridovic, 'Laskemodelingvaevoluo' [3], Sennacieca Revuo 4/8 (1926/27): 105-9.
[829]E. Spiridovic, 'Esperanto kaj lingvoscienco', Sennacieca Revuo 4/8 (1926/27): 150-4 (quotation p. 153).
[830] 0n the contributions to the discussion by Drezen and Spiridovich see Aleksandr Dulichenko, 'Ideia mezhdunarodnogo iskusstvennogo iazyka v debriakh rannei sovetskoi sotsiolingvistiki' (The idea of an international artificial language at the dawn of early Soviet sociolinguistics), Interlinguistica Tartuensis 9 (2009): 9-36 (esp. pp. 23-33); also in Russian Linguistics 34 (2010): 143-57.
[831] E. Drezen, Za vseobshchim iazykom. Tri veka iskanii, Moscow & Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo, 1928; Esperanto translation: Drezen (1991). Cf. Kuznecov (2004), p. 154.
[832]N. Marr, 'K voprosu ob edinom iazyke' (The question of a unifying language), in Drezen, Za vseobshchim iazykom, p. 9.
[833]A.P. Andreev, Revolucio en la lingvoscienco.Jafetida lingvoteorio de akademiano N. Marr, Leipzig: Eldona Fako Kooperativa, 1929; Russian-language edition: Revoliutsiia iazykoznaniia. Iafeticheskaia teoriia akademika N. Ia. Marra, Moscow: SESR, 1929. This superficially written and in many ways misleading brochure formed the basis for the relevant section of Ivo Lapenna, Retoriko, third edi- tion, Rotterdam, 1971, pp. 44-9.
[834]Evgenii Alekseevich Bokarev (Bokaryov), specialist in Caucasian languages. After the war he played an important role in the revival of the Soviet Esperanto movement (see vol. 2, chap. 2). See also the book by his daughter: Bokarjova (2010).
[835] E. Bokarev, 'Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk i nauka o iazyke' (International language and language sci- ence), Izvestiia Ts.K. SESR6 (1928): 129-35; translation in Bokarjova (2010), pp. 51-63.
[836] E. Spiridovich, '"A vse-taki vertitsia!" Po povodu stat'i tov. Bokareva' ('And yet it moves!' On the occasion of an article by Comrade Bokarev), Izvestiia Ts.K. SESR 6 (1928): 136-9 (quotation p. 136).