The mouse is under the table. - La muso esas/es sub la tablo.
Verbs - Present Tense
A verb is an action or "doing" word: see, read, touch, chase. Verbs in Ido all have identifying endings, "verb endings", so you can easily recognize a verb when you see one. In English, the same word could be a verb or a noun: you can pull a plow, or plow the field. That doesn't happen in Ido, where nouns end in -O (or -I for plurals), and verbs do not.
The verbs you have seen so far in this book all have the ending that shows the present tense, the ending -AS. The present tense is used when the action in the verb is happening NOW:
Me vidas la hundo. -1 see the dog.
Vu tushas la kato. - You touch the cat.
These are actions taking place at the present moment, so the present tense is used. In English there is more than one present tense -1 touch the dog, I am touching the dog. Both of these expressions describe actions taking place in the present. Because the meanings of these two are so similar, Ido says them both in the same way: Me tushas (I touch or am touching) la hundo. "Me lektas la libro" could therefore be either "I read the book" or "I am reading the book", (or even "I do read the book").
Remember this, especially when translating English into Ido. Don't translate "I am touching" or "you are reading" word for word. Until you can think naturally in Ido, it is best to change them in your mind to "I touch" and "you read" and then translate that simple form.
Ed/e - "And"
The Ido for "and" is "ed". The final -D, which is part of the root, is often dropped if the following word starts with a consonant. It is a question of which one sounds better. Officially you may suit yourself and chose the one you prefer, "ed" or "e". In practice most Idists use "e" if the following word starts with a consonant, and "ed" if it starts with a vowel. Three other words which you will learn later - a/ad, o/od, ka/kad - allow the same flexibility.
Vortaro (Vocabulary)
drinkas - drinks havas - has (got) lektas - reads manjas - eats prizas - likes promenas - walks/strolls regardas - looks (at) tushas - touches aquo - water fenestro - window
lakto - milk libro - book pomo - apple pordo - door stulo - chair e/ed - and
vidas - sees Exempli
I have a dog. - Me havas hundo.
I see the dog. - Me vidas la hundo.
The dog sees me. - La hundo vidas me.
I like the dog. - Me prizas la hundo.
I like milk. - Me prizas lakto.
The dog has the milk. - La hundo havas la lakto.
The cat drinks the milk. - La kato drinkas la lakto.
You drink the milk. - Vu drinkas la lakto.
I have the apple. - Me havas la pomo.
I am eating the apple. - Me manjas la pomo.
The boy/girl is eating the apple. - La yuno manjas la pomo.
I am looking at the mouse. - Me regardas la muso.
The mouse sees the water. - La muso vidas la aquo.
The mouse is eating the book. - La muso manjas la libro.
The book is on the table. - La libro esas/es sur la tablo.
You read the book. - Vu lektas la libro.
You are reading the book. - Vu lektas la libro.
The cat looks at me. - La kato regardas me.
The cat looks at the door. - La kato regardas la pordo.
You are touching the door. - Vu tushas la pordo.
The cat is touching the window. - La kato tushas la fenestro.
I am touching the window. - Me tushas la fenestro.
I am walking in the garden. - Me promenas en la gardeno.
You and the dog are walking in the garden. - Vu e la hundo promenas en la gardeno.
The table and chair are in the house. - La tablo e la stulo esas/es en la domo.
Vortaro:- Vocabulary
Bonajorno - Hello (Good day)
Til rivido - Good-bye (Until we meet again)
Quale vu standas? - How are you?
Tre bone danko - Very well thank you.
Now when you meet another Idist, or go to a congress or international gathering you have the beginings of a simple conversation.
Konversado:- Conversation
Here is a conversation between Peter and Mary.
P: Bonajorno!
M: Bonajorno!
P: Quale vu standas?
M: Tre bone, danko. Quale vu standas?
P: Tre bone, danko.
M: Til rivido!
P: Til rivido!
Exerco:- Exercise
Practice the conversation phrases.
Think in Ido of the things you know: Touch the door and say to yourself, "Me tushas la pordo"; read a book and say "Me lektas libro"; and so on, to use and repeat as many of the words you've learned as possible.
Read aloud every Ido sentence in a lesson as many times as possible.
When you begin a new lesson, start by paging back and reviewing and reading the Ido sentences in the previous lesson, to get your Ido "frame of mind" into high gear. Then dive into the new lesson.
Lesson 02 • Duesma Leciono
Adjectives
Adjectives are words which modify nouns and describe the appearance or quality of something: big, small, bad, beautiful, red. Ido adjectives are easily recognised by their -A ending, as shown in the vocabulary below.
Vortaro
dormas - sleeps
drinkajo - drink
floro - flower
kavalo - horse
manjajo - food
muro - wall
por -for
plado - plate
taso - cup
kompras - buys
lernas [LERR-nas] - learns
habitas - lives
parolas - talks/speaks
pozas - puts anciena - old (contrary to new)
olda - old (of living beings)
bela - beautiful
blua - blue
granda - big/large
mikra - little/small
reda - red
yuna - young
anke - also
hike - here
mea - my
vua - your
adhike - "to" here
adsur - onto/upon
Exempli
You are learning Ido. - Vu lernas Ido. You speak Ido. - Vu parolas Ido. I am learning Ido. - Me lernas Ido. I speak Ido. - Me parolas Ido. I have a beautiful house. - Me havas bela domo. My house is big. - Mea domo esas/es granda. The house is big. - La domo esas/es granda. I live here. - Me habitas hike. I sleep in the garden. - Me dormas en la gardeno.
My dog is old. - Mea hundo esas/es olda.
My dog also lives here. - Mea hundo anke habitas hike.
The dog sleeps in my small garden. - La hundo dormas en mea mikra gardeno.
The little cat looks at the big dog. - La mikra kato regardas la granda hundo.
You live in a beautiful house. - Vu habitas en bela domo.
You sleep on the beautiful table. - Vu dormas sur la bela tablo.
The cat sleeps under the beautiful flower. - La kato dormas sub la bela floro.
The horse is old. - La kavalo esas/es olda.
The little horse is young. - La mikra kavalo esas/es yuna.
The young horse likes the drink. - La yuna kavalo prizas la drinkajo.
You are buying food for the horse. - Vu kompras manjajo por la kavalo.
I buy food here. - Me kompras manjajo hike. I am putting your plate here. - Me pozas vua plado adhike. The plate is red. - La plado esas/es reda.
I am putting food on the plate. - Me pozas manjajo adsur la plado. The old mouse eats the food. - La olda muso manjas la manjajo. A drink is in the small cup. - Drinkajo esas/es en la mikra taso. The blue cup is on the table. - La blua taso esas/es sur la tablo. You see the mouse in the cup. - Vu vidas la muso en la taso. Your milk is also in the cup. - Vua lakto esas/es anke en la taso. I am putting the book on the wall. - Me pozas la libro adsur la muro.