Before going away (= before to-go-away). - Ante departar.
After speaking (= after to-have-spoken). - Pos parolir.
Instead of writing (= instead of to-write). - Vice skribar.
After answering her letter. - Pos respondir ad elua letro.
Note. - "While" is a conjunction ("during" being the corresponding preposition):
While running, they fell down. - Dum ke li kuris (Dum lia kuro), li falis.
There are other cases that cannot be classified under any of the above general rules. Here are some examples for reference:
Angry for being disturbed (= angry because one distrubed him)
Iracante pro ke on trublis ilu.
Particular ways of doing things (= to do things).
Specala manieri facar kozi.
He was far from appreciating her good qualities (= he certainly did not value highly her good qualities).
Ilu certe ne alte prizis elua bona qualesi.
He agreed with her in liking sweets (= he agreed with her in that thing, that they both (they two) liked sweets).
Ilu akordis kun elu en to ke li du prizis sukraji. ...or
Ilu akordis kun elu en prizar sukraji.
I can't help loving the child (= I cannot not-love the child).
Me ne povas ne amar la infanto.
They hindered (kept) him from running. - Li impedis ke ilu kurez.
She intended coming yesterday (= she intended to come). Elu intencis venar hiere.
Out ofhearing (= not able-to-be-reached by a call). Ne-atingebla per voko, or Exter voko (out of call), or Ja ne-vokebla (= already not call-able).
A boarding-house - gasteyo
An eating-house - restorerio
A dining-room - manjo-chambro
A walking-stick - promen-batono
A sitting-room - saloneto
A swimming-bath - nateyo
A writing-table - skribo-tablo
A drawing-pencil - desegno-krayono
A camping outfit - acesori di kamp(ad)o
If the word ending in -ING is the subject of a verb, use either the infinitive or the noun form in Ido: Smoking is bad for the health. - Fumar esas mala por la saneso.
(7) If the word ending in -ING is preceded by "to be" (am, is, was), use the simple form of the verb: I am calling you. - Me vokas vu.
How to Translate the English "To"
I didn't know where to get the bus.
Me ne savis ube acensar l'omnibuso.
I need something with which to write.
Me bezonas ulo per qua (onu povez) skribar
Hobbies give a person something to love and something in which to find freedom.
Hobii* donas ad onu ulo por amar ed ulo en qua (onu povez) trovar libereso.
He had the kindness to take me to the hospital.
Ilu montris l'amikeso di portar me a la hospitalo.
Che ilu existis l'amikeso di portar me a la hospitalo.
Che ilu esis l'amikeso di portar me a la hospitalo.
Ilu do povis montrar l'amikeso di facar altra kozi (querar ambulanco).
(Or, excluding "di" from the above examples)....
Che ilu esis l'amikeso portar me a la hospitalo.
Portar me a la hospitalo esis l'amikeso che ilu.
Portar me a la hospitalo esis l'amikeso por ilu.
Ilu do ne pensis pri l'amikeso di facar altra kozi.
You are to apologize to her for it.
Vu devas exkuzar vu ad elu pro to.
The ring was not to be found anywhere.
Onu nul'loke povis trovar la ringo.
How to Get the Most out of -ir, -ar, -or and -ur*
(This essay in Ido on a lesson well-learned demonstrates the use of the past, present, future, and conditional infinitive forms.)
La kakio* (Japanese persimmon) esas dolca frukto kande olu esas tre matura. Tamen kande olu esas pre'matura, la kakio* esas fulminante
bitra en la boko.
Ye lasta yaro me hazarde manjis kakio* pre'matura pro ke me mis'komprenis olu ye/esar suficante matura. Me nun regretas ke me manjis kakio* pre'matura. =
Me regretas manj-ir kakio pre'matura.
Me nun anke hazarde manjas kakio* pre'matura pro ke mea okuli senileskas. Ho, ve! Me multe regretas ke me manjas kakio* pre'matura pro acidenteto. =
Me regretas manj-ar kakio pre'matura. == Me ne darfas sputar olu avan dami.
Tamen mea cerebro anke senileskas. Me promisis ad un de mea amiki ke me morge manjos kakio* pre'matura por pruvar mea kurajo virala kom puniso pro pario. Me ne povas ne regretar pro mea foleso ke me manjos kakio* pre'matura. =
Me regretas manj-or kakio pre'matura.
Me multe regretas ke me promisis stultajo ad un de mea amiki. = Me multe regretas promisir la stultajo a mea amiko.
Se me ne promisus, me nun esus tre sekura e felica. Me wishas es-ur* plu prudenta. Do "formo di -ur*" esas tre utila en Ido.
Lesson 26 - Duadek-e-sisesma Leciono List of Prepositions
de, from, since, of (in quantities): taso de kafeo - cup of coffee
de-pos, since, after:
di, of (possession and genetive):
da, by (authorship or after passive verb):
a, ad, to (direction, object, intention):
pensar a - to turn one's thoughts to, think of amo a Deo - love of God irar a ... - to go to ... aden, into: adsur, on to: en, in:
ek, out of (with motion, choice, material): vazo ek oro - a vase of gold irar ek la chambro - to go out of the room exter, outside (without motion): sur, on: super, above:
sub, under (with or without motion): infre di, at the bottom or foot of, below inter, between, among: tra, through (in crossing only): cis, this side of:
trans, the other side of, across (with or without motion): preter, beyond, leaving behind: lor, at the time of:
ante, before (in time): pos, after (in time): avan, in front of, before (in space): dop, behind, after (in space): koram, in the presence of: che, at, to (the house of): apud, next to, by, beside: an, on, at (contiguity): an la tablo - at (the) table an Seine - on the Seine cirkum, around, about (place, time, quantity, etc.): kontre, against: pro, because, on account of: por, for, in view of, in order to: per, by means of, through: pri, concerning, of, about, relating to, on: kun, with (in company with) sen, without (privation): ultre, beyond, in addition to: proxim, near, close to (not touching): po, for, at the price of, in exchange for: dum, during: til, till (prep.) as far as:
till la pordo - as far as the door malgre, in spite of, notwithstanding: vice, instead of, in place of:
[ But vice-prezidanto (prefere a) -> neben*-prezidanto ] segun, according to:
alonge, along: vers, towards:
ye, at (indefinite preposition):
Final Prepositions
The humorous "prepositions" rule in English is, "Prepositions are not something you should end a sentence with."
In Ido, the rule is "Prepositions must always be placed before a noun or pronoun.":
This is the book he spoke of (= of which he spoke). - Yen la libro pri qua ilu parolis.
What are you talking about (= about what...)?- Pri quo vu parolas?