17 Hezekiah: 2 K 18–20, 2 C 29–31. New walls, houses: Isaiah 22.9–11. New Jerusalem: swords into ploughshares: Isaiah 2.4; justice 5.8–25, 1.12–17. Sennacherib and Hezekiah: Isaiah 36–8. New rites: 2 C 30. Jeremiah 41.5. Hezekiah’s tunnel and building: 2 K 20.20 and 2 C 32.30. New quarters: 2 C 32.5. Siloam Inscription: Bahat, Atlas 26–7. Jar-handles belonging to the king: BM 62. Lmlk: for the king – Hoffmeier 108. Reich, Shukron and Lernau, ‘Findings from the Iron Age II in the Rock-Cut Pool near the Spring’, Israel Exploration Journal 57 (2007) 153–69. Royal Steward inscription: BM 65 – confirming Isaiah 22. 15–25. Judaean headdress: BM 72. Grabbe, Ancient Israel 169–70. Archaeology 66; the wall, 137, possibly Nehemiah 3.8. Finkelstein/Silberman 234–43 and 251–64. Hurowitz, Oxford History 15–35.
18 Sennacherib and Assyria: this section is based on J. E. Curtis and J. E. Reade (eds), Art and Empire: Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum, including: the dress of a Judaean soldier 71; the dress of Sennacherib on campaign is based on the reliefs of various Assyrian kings on campaign; the siege of Jerusalem is based on the Lachish reliefs of Nineveh. Assyria: Miles, Ancient Worlds 68–77. Grabbe, Ancient Israel 167; Assyrian texts 185. Egyptian rule: Wilkinson, Egypt 430–35. Disaster of war: Nahum 3.1–3. Micah 1.10–13. Isaiah 1o: 28–32 and chapters 36–8. Cogan, Oxford History 244–51.
19 Manasseh: 2 K 21. Child sacrifice: Exodus 22.29. Kings of Jerusalem child sacrifice: 2 K 16.3 and 21.6. See also: 2 C 28.3, Leviticus 18.21, 2 K 17.31, 2 K 17.17, Jeremiah 7.31 (see Rashi commentary) and Jeremiah 32.35. Phoenician/Carthaginian child sacrifice and discovery of tophet in Tunisia: Miles, Carthage Must be Destroyed 68–73. On Manasseh: Finkelstein/Silberman 263–77. Miles, Ancient Worlds, Grabbe, Ancient Israel 169. Cogan, Oxford History 252–7. Hurowitz, Sacred Esplanade 15–35.
20 Isaiah 8.1; 9.6–7; 11.4–11; 26.1–2, 14–19. Josiah: 2 K 22 and 23, 2 C 35.20–5. De Vaux 336–9. Hurowitz, Sacred Esplanade 15–35.
21 Falclass="underline" 2 K 24–5. Jeremiah 34.1–7, 37–9, 52. Depravity, hunger, cruelty, cannibalism, menstruous lamentation 1.17; cruelty of women 4.3; children meat 4.10. Psalms 74 and 137. Daniel 1.4 and 5; Desolation, Daniel 11.31. Lachish ostracon: BM 87–8. Iron arrowheads, Bahat, Atlas 28. Lavatory/sewer: Auld and Steiner, Jerusalem 44. House of the Bullae: Archaeological Park 52–4. Gemariah son of Shephan: Jeremiah 36.9–12. Ivory sceptre: Hoffmeier 98. The section on Babylon is based on I. L. Finkel and M. J. Seymour, Babylon: Myth and Reality; D. J. Wiseman, Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon; Finkelstein/Silberman 296–309; Wilkinson, Egypt 441–4; Tom Holland, Persian Fire 46–7. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 69–71. Cogan, Oxford History 262–8. Grabbe, Ancient Israel 170–84. De Vaux 98. Hurowitz, Sacred Esplanade 15–35.
22 Cyrus and the Persians: A. T. Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire (henceforth Olmstead) 34–66. Farrokh 37–51. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 269–71. M. J. W. Leith, ‘Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period’, in Oxford History 287–9. E. Stern, ‘Province of Yehud: Vision and Reality’ in Lee I. Levine (ed.) Jerusalem Cathedra (henceforth Cathedra) 1.9–21. Cogan, Oxford History 274. Mythical stories of Cyrus and his rise: Herodotus, Histories 84–96. Holland, Persian Fire 8–22. On Cyrus Cylinder: BM 92. Cyrus and President Truman: Michael B. Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 501. Return: Isaiah 44.21–8, 45.1 and 52.1–2. Ezra 1.1–11 and 3–4. Josephus, ‘Against Apion’ 1.154. Leith, Oxford History 276–302. First mention of Jew: Esther 2.5. Archaeological Park 138.
23 Darius the Great: Ezra 4–6. Haggai 1–2. Zechariah 1.7–6.15. Isaiah 9.2–7. Olmstead, 86–93, 107–18, 135–43; Zerubabbel/Darius possibly in Jerusalem 136–144. The description of Darius is based closely on that of Olmstead 117. Mythical stories of Darius’ rise/the mare’s vagina: Herodotus 229–42. Farrokh 52–74. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 78–85 and 271. Leith, Oxford History 303–5. Holland, Persian Fire 20–62. Joseph Patrich, ‘538 BCE–70 CE: The Temple (Beyt ha-Miqdash) and its Mount’, in Sacred Esplanade 37–73. Miles, Ancient Worlds 115–19.
24 Nehemiah 1–4, 6–7, 13. Archeological Park 137. Leith, Oxford History 276–311. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 85 and 277–81. JA 11.159–82.
25 Fall of Darius III and rise of Alexander: Olmstead 486–508. Farrokh 96–111. JA 11.304–46. Schäfer 5–7. Gunther Holbl, History of the Ptolemaic Empire (henceforth Holbl) 10–46. Maurice Sartre, The Middle East under Rome (henceforth Sartre) 5–6, 20.
26 Ptolemy Soter and Wars of Successors: JA 2. Josephus, ‘Against Apion’ 1.183–92. Ptolemies, style, festival in 274, Wilkinson, Egypt 469–30. Miles, Ancient Worlds 158–70. Adrian Goldsworthy, Antony and Cleopatra (henceforth Goldsworthy) 37–41. On Aristeas: Goodman 117–19, quoting Aristeas. For full text see Aristeas, Letter of Aristeas. Schäfer 7–18 including Agatharchides on Ptolemy taking Jerusalem. Cathedra 1.21. Ptolemy II/Aristeas: Holbl 191. Patrich, Sacred Esplanade 37–73.
27 Simon the Just: Ecclesiasticus 50.1–14 and 4. JA 12.2 and 12.154–236. Tobiads: C. C. Ji, ‘A New Look at the Tobiads in Iraq al-Amir’, Liber Annuus 48 (1998) 417–40. M. Stern, ‘Social and Political Realignments in Herodian Judinea’, in Cathedra 2.40–5. Leith, Oxford History 290–1. Schäfer 17–23. Holbl 35–71. Edwyn Bevan, House of Seleucus 2.168–9. Patrich, Sacred Esplanade 37–73.
28 Antiochus the Great and the Seleucids: Bevan, Seleucus 1.300–18 and 2.32–3 and 51–94. Holbl 127–43 and 136–8. JA 3 and 12.129–54. Seleucid court/dress/army: Bevan, Seleucus 2.269–92. Schäfer 29–39. New Greek Jerusalem: 2 Maccabees 3.1–4.12.
29 Ecclesiasticus 50. Schäfer 32–4. Henri Daniel-Rops, Daily Life in Palestine at the Time of Christ – theocracy 53–5; city life 95–7; punishments 175–8. Sabbath: de Vaux – sacrifices/holocaust 415–7; Sabbath 3482–3; festivals 468–500; high priest 397. Patrich, Sacred Esplanade 37–73.