H. Melville, Journals 84–94; on Clarel 65–81. Knauf, OJ 74–5. Challenge to US consular flag: Finn diaries 260–77. Finn’s evangelism: Green 219 and 232–33. Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault, Jérusalem 177–204.
12 Nicholas I: W. Bruce Lincoln, Nicholas I, handsome 49, Victoria 223, Russian God 243–6, Our Russia 251, Paul and knight, quote of Marquis de Castelbajac (French ambassador) 291, Jerusalem and the Eastern Question, French monk, legend of Alexander I and Russian love of Jerusalem 330–4. Orlando Figes, Crimea: The Last Crusade (henceforth Figes) 1–17; on Nicholas 36–7. H. Martineau, Eastern Life,3: 162–5. Fo 78/446, Finn to Aberdeen and Fo 78/205 Finn to Palmerston. Gogoclass="underline" V. Voropanov, ‘Gogol v Ierusalime’, Pravoslavny Palomnik (2006) 2, 44–6 and 3. 35–59. 1.99–105. P. A. Kulish, Zapiski iz zhizni N. V. Gogolia sostavlennye iz vospominaniy ego druzey i znakomykh i iz ego sobstvennykh pisem 2.164–89. N. V. Gogol, Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: Pisma, 1848–52 vol. 14. I. P. Zolutusky, Gogol 394–401. Elon, Jerusalem 138–9. Jerusalem Syndrome: Yair Bar-El et al., British Journal of Psychiatry 176 (2000) 86–90.
13 Start of Crimean War: W. B. Lincoln, Nicholas I 330–40. Figes 100–8; Nicholas instability 155–7; Nicholas’ ‘solely Christian purpose’ 157. Writers: Finkel 457–60. Elon, Jerusalem 70–1. Gilbert, Rebirth 67–9, 83–6. Finn 2: 192–32. Fo 195/445 Finn to Clarendon 28 April 1854. Ben-Arieh, 66–8. Derek Hopwood, The Russian Presence in Syria and Palestine 1–49. Lynch diaries quoted in Gilbert, Rebirth 51. Karl Marx, New York Daily Tribune 15 April 1854. Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel 23. Americans, Lynch: Oren, Power 137–40. James Finn, wars against Arab/Bedouin warlords of Hebron, Abu Ghosh, fighting and Pasha military expeditions: Finn 230–50. Murders, Holy Fire: Finn diaries 104 and 133–57. On nature of Jerusalem: Finn xxvii, 4, 40–2; on governor’s prison etc. 159–74; Holy Fire fighting 2.458–9; Sudanese guards on Haram 2.237.
Split in Jews between Hassidim and Perushim: Green 116–17; 1839 trip 119–32; Nicholas I and Montefiore 181; 1859–60 purchase of land for Montefiore Cottages 235–57; windmill 324–38; witty reply 1859 to Cardinal Antonelli ‘Not as much as I gave your lackey’ 277. On Montefiore legend in Russia, Chaim Weizmann, Trial and Error (henceforth Weizmann) 16. David F. Dorr, A Colored Man Round the World by a Quadroon 183–4 and 186–7. G. Flaubert, Notes de voyage in vol. 19 of Les Oeuvres complètes 19. Frederick Brown, Flaubert: A Life 231–9, 247, 256–61; also Elon, Jerusalem 37 and 139–41. Antony Sattin, Winter on the Nile 17–18. Flaubert on Du Camp official mission: Ruth Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image: Christians and the Beginnings of Local Photography in 19th Century Ottoman Palestine’, in Anthony O’Mahony (ed.), Christian Heritage in the Holy Land 181–91.
Americans: Oren Power 236–47. Melville: Melville, Journals 84–94; on Clarel 65–81. Obenzinger, American Palestine 65–82, including Jew mania; Grant/Lincoln 161; on Blyden and Dorr 227–47. Knauf, OJ 74–5. Alexander Kinglake, Eothen 144–58, 161–2. Lynch, Jewish picnic outside walls: Gilbert, Rebirth 51. On Gogol see note 12 above.
14 End of Crimean War, 1850s: Finkel 457–60. Elon, Jerusalem 70–1. Gilbert, Rebirth 67–9, 83–6. Finn 1.2–4, 78, 2.452. Ben-Arieh, 66–8. Hopwood, Russian Presence 1–49. Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault, Jérusalem 177–204. Gilbert, Rebirth 51. Figes 415–16; Montefiore Balaclava Railway 418; brawl 464–5.
15 Montefiore: all quotations unless otherwise stated are from the Diaries. Green 176–94, 227, 35–53, 59; fifth visit 1857 63–9; Montefiore windmill and almshouses 1860 109–16; death of Judith 140; sixth visit 1866 171–86; Jerusalem views 338; awning for Wailing Wall and removal of slaughterhouse 332–3; pre-Zionist views, Jewish empire 320; negotiations with Ottomans 324. Rothschilds: Montefiore missions funded; Disraeli comment; reluctance to involve in Jordan; Ferguson, 418–422, and 1131. Melville on Montefiore, ‘this Croesus – a huge man of 75’: Melville, Journals 91–4. Hurva Synagogue: Gilbert, Rebirth 98–100. Ben-Arieh, 42–4. Visits and tensions: Finn diaries 197, 244; Montefiore and Col Gawlon Jewish settlements: Green 50–9.
Flaubert, Notes de voyage 19. Brown, Flaubert 231–9, 247, 256–61; also Elon, Jerusalem 37 and 139–41. Flaubert on Du Camp official mission: W. B. Lincoln, Nicholas I, war and death 340–50. Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image’ 181–91.
16 Archaeologists and emperors, spiritual imperialism: Wasserstein 50–65. Robinson: Silberman 37–47, 63–72; Wilson 79–85; Warren 88–99; British Palestine Archaeology 79, 86, 113–27; Bliss on Mount Zion 147–60; German archaeology 165–70. French: Ben-Arieh, 169; frenzy to identify biblical sites 183–5. Saulcy: Goldhill, City of Longing 216. Gilbert, Rebirth, on Robinson and Smith xxii, 4–7 and 65–7; on Warren 128–35; Jewish principality a separate kingdom guaranteed by the Great Powers 128–32. American missionaries and archaeologists, Robinson: Oren, Power 135–7; U. S. Grant and American visitors 236–8. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 216–19. Kark on Robinson 29–30. Obenzinger, American Palestine, on Titus Tobler 253. Ben-Arieh, 183–5. Ruth Hummel, ‘Imperial Pilgrim: Franz Josef’s Journey to the Holy Land in 1869’, in M. Wrba (ed.), Austrian Presence in the Holy Land 158–77. Russians: Simon Dixon, ‘A Stunted Internationaclass="underline" Russian Orthodoxy in the Holy Land in the 19th Century’, draft paper. Romanov pilgrimages: N. N. Lisovoy and P. V. Stegniy, Rossiya v Svyatoy Zemle: Dokumenty i materialy 1.125–7; Grand Duke Constantine 1859 visit 128–35. Hopwood, Russian Presence, Grand Duke Constantine 51. Russian pilgrims: Bertha Spafford Vester, Our Jerusalem (henceforth Vester) 86–7. Spiritual imperialism: Wasserstein 50–65.
British, American and German archaeology, Silberman 113–27; 147–53–70; Moabite Stone 100–12; Moses Shapira 131–40. Americans: Obenzinger, American Palestine, 161. Consuls and Selah Merrilclass="underline" Kark 128–30 and 323–5. British royals: Gilbert, Rebirth 109–14 and 177–80. Rider Haggard, A Winter Pilgrimage 267. Edward Lear in Elon, Jerusalem 142; 1881 Crown Prince Rudolf 144–5. Kitchener/ Gordon: Gilbert, Rebirth 187. Pollock, Kitchener: Saviour of the Realm 29–37 and 31. Kitchener photographs Muristan, in Boas, Jerusalem 160. Gordon in Goldhill, City of Longing 21; Elon, Jerusalem 147; Grabar, 16.