PART NINE: ZIONISM
1 Herzl, Zionism 1880s: Shindler, History 10–17. Assyrian profile: Jabotinsky quoted in Colin Shindler, The Triumph of Military Zionism 54–61, including Christmas tree. Desmond Stewart, Herzl 171–222, 261–73. Zionism, Herzl, new fashion for racial anti-Semitism: Brenner 256–67. Relations with Rothschilds, Ferguson 800–4. Tuchman 281–309. Jewish majority by 1860?: Paolo Cuneo, ‘The Urban Structure and Physical Organisation of Ottoman Jerusalem in Context of Ottoman Urbanism’, in OJ 218. Hassidics and other groups arrive: Gilbert, Rebirth 118–23 and 165–73; Hebrew culture 185–9, 207–15. Jewish immigration and population figures: Ben-Arieh 31–40 and 78 on First Aliyah figures. First Aliyah, Hess, pogroms and reaction of Tolstoy/Turgenev: Shmuel Ettinger and Israel Bartal, ‘First Aliyah, Ideological Roots and Practical Accomplishments’, in Cathedra 2.197–200. Yemenite aliyah: Nitza Druyon, ‘Immigration and Integration of Yemenite Jews in 1st Aliyah’, in Cathedra 3.193–5. Immigration of Bokharans: author interview with Shlomo Moussaieff. Karl Baedeker (1876), 186 Spanish Jews vs squalid Polish brethen. Kalischer, Alkalai and early proto-Zionists: Green 322–4. Evangelist Zionism: W. E. Blackstone, in Obenzinger, American Palestine 269–70. Herzland Zionism: Gilbert, Rebirth 217–22. Zangwill, Galveston settlement, Africa, Argentina; Angola and Territorialism: Obenzinger, JQ 2003. Jews in Jerusalem 1895: 28,000; 1905: 35,000; 1914: 45,000: Krämer 102–11, 138; pogroms and rise in Jewish population 197–9. Martin Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews, Churchillian Territorialism in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica 249. Kark 19–37. Jewish Neighbourhoods: Gilbert, Rebirth 140–5. Tom Segev, One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate 221–3. Jewish suburbs: Ben-Arieh 48–58. Herzl on extra-territorial Temple Mount: Wasserstein 320. Weizmann, Trial and Error: on Herzl style, character, not of people 41, 63; Sir Francis Montefiore, Rothschilds, Herzlian Zionism 62–5. Early Zionist distaste for Jerusalem: Sufian Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”: The Zionist Approach to Jerusalem 1897–1937’, JQ 32, Autumn 2007. Rothschild bids to buy Walclass="underline" Pappe 116–17.
2 Kaiser and Herzl in Jerusalem: New York Times 29 October 1898. Cohen, Sacred Esplanade 216–26. Travel agent Cook: New York Times 20 August 1932. Thomas Cook: Gilbert, Rebirth 154–60. Luxury Thomas Cook and Rolla Floyd tents: Vester 160–1. Luxury tourist tents: Ruth and Thomas Hummel, Patterns of the Sacred: English Protestant and Russian Orthodox Pilgrims of the Nineteenth Century, photograph. Kaiser, Jews and Herzclass="underline" John Rohl, Wilhelm II: The Kaiser’s Personal Monarchy 1888–1900 944–54; on Church of Redeemer 899; I alone know something; all of you know nothing 843; on Jews 784. Kaiser and anti-Semitism: John Rohl, The Kaiser and his Court 190–212; on sexual hijinks at court/poodle 16. German architecture: Kroyanker 24. Visit to Temple Mount: OJ 270–1. Vester 194–8. Silberman 162–3. Sean McMeekin, The Berlin–Baghdad Express, on Kaiser in Jerusalem and letters to tsar 14–16.
Stewart, Herzl 261–73. Goldhill, City of Longing 140. Gilbert, Rebirth 223–7. Modernity, Kaiser and photography: Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image’ 181–91. Photos: OJ 267. Ben-Arieh 76. On Arab politics and Ruhi Khalidi: Marcus, Jerusalem, 1913: Origins of Arab–Israeli Conflict 39–44 and 99. Krämer 111–15. Herzland Uganda: Lord Rothschild’s introduction, Ferguson 802–4. Herzl, Uganda, Lloyd George as lawyer in two applications for Sinai homeland in 1903 and 1906: David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace (henceforth Fromkin) 271–5. Churchillian Territorialism: Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews 249. Zangwill, Galveston settlement, Africa, Argentina, Angola and Territorialism: Obenzinger, JQ 2003 17. Pappe 108–11. Ilan Pappe, ‘Rise and Fall of the Husaynis’, Part 1, JQ 10, Autumn 2000; ‘Husayni Family Faces New Challenges’, Part 2, JQ 11–12, Winter 2001. Wasserstein 320.
Amy Dockser Marcus, Jerusalem 1913: Origins of the Arab–Israeli Conflict 30–60. Yusuf al-Khalidi to Chief Rabbi of France Zadok Khan in Nusseibeh, Country 23. Kasmeh, ‘Leading Intellectuals of Late Ottoman Jerusalem’, OJ 37–42.
3 The portrait of Ben-Gurion throughout the book is based on the biography Michael Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion; David Ben-Gurion, Recollections; Weizmann; Shindler, History and Military Zionism; conversations with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Yaacovy. Ben-Gurion, Recollections 34–43, 59–61. Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion 1–12, 26–8. Krämer 111–15. Political philosophy, articles in 1914 and 1920: Shindler, History 21–35, 42–4 and 99–101. Weizmann: Herzl Ugandaism and El Arish plans 119–122; meeting with Plehve and Kishinev pogroms 109–18. Protocols of Elders of Zion: David Aaronovitch, Voodoo Histories 22–48. Early Zionist distaste for Jerusalem: Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”’, JQ 32, Autumn 2007.
4 Young Turk Revolution and Arab nationalism: this section is based on Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Al Quds Al Othmaniyah Fi Al Muthakrat Al Jawhariyyeh, vol. 1: 1904–1917, vol. 2: 1918–1948, trans. for this book by Maral Amin Quttieneh (henceforth Wasif). Among the diary entries used are 1.160, 167, 168–9, 190, 204, 211, 217, 219, 231. Also based on: Tamari, ‘Jerusalem’s Ottoman Modernity’, JQ 9, Summer 2000. On cafés, atmosphere, women in the city: Salim Tamari, ‘The Last Feudal Lord in Palestine’, JQ 16, November 2002. Salim Tamari, ‘The Vagabond Café and Jerusalem’s Prince of Idleness’, JQ 19, October 2003. Antebi: Marcus, Jerusalem 1913 50–73. Baedeker on city of no entertainment: Gilbert, Rebirth 154–60. Baedeker (1912) xxii, 19, 57. On Arab nationalism and Young Turk revolution/Khalil Sakakini quote: Norman Rose, A Senseless Squalid War: Voices from Palestine 8. Arab renaissance, disappointed nationalism, Young Turks: Rogan 147–9. Shindler, History 23–8. Young Turks, seizure of power by Committee of Union and Progress, Turkish nationalism, rise of Enver: Efraim Karsh and Inari Karsh, Empires of the Sand: Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East 1789–1923 (henceforth Karsh) 95–117. See also: P. S. Khoury, Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860–1920. On CUP: Mazower, Salonica 272–290. Football/schooclass="underline" Pappe 124–6; early nationalism 127–9; anti-Zionism 39–46.
5 Russian pilgrimage/Rasputin: G. E. Rasputin, Moi mysli i razmyshleniia. Kratkoe opisanie puteshestviya po svyatym mestam i vyzvannye im razmyshleniya po religioznym voprosam 60–74. Garb, journey, deathcaps Graham 3–10; kvass 35; accommodation 44–6; Westerners 55; Sepulchre 62–4; corruption in Jerusalem, 69–76; Easter 101–10; booze in Compound 118; Holy Fire 126–8; street embraces 130–2. Russian shoot-out in Sepulchre; Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem in the Twentieth Century (henceforth Gilbert, JTC) 20. Eduard Radzinsky, Rasputin 180–3. Hummel, Patterns of the Sacred 39–61.