Catholic Church, 157, 189, 208
and religious conflict, 201, 296, 299–300, 331, 339, 341, 343, 424, 485, 517
Cave of Hira, 169
Cecil, Lord Robert, 414
Celebi, Evliya, see Evliya
Cervantes, Miguel de, 446
Chabon, Michael, 382n
Chamberlain, Joseph, 380
Chamberlain, Neville, 452–3
Chancellor, Sir John, 437–8, 443
Chapel of the Apparition, 520–3
Chapel of the Hill of Calvary, 236
Chapman, Thomas, 404
chariots, 26, 28
Charlemagne, Emperor, 65n, 189, 229n, 267, 343, 355, 379n
Charles V, Emperor, 294n, 295
Charles I, King, 300–1
Charles of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, 278n
Charles, Prince of Wales, 505
chastity, 144–5
Chateaubriand, Francois-René, Vicomte de, xxiv, 319–21
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 285
child sacrifice, 39
China, 185, 284, 365
Chindits, 453n
Christ Church, 334
Christian Quarter, 189, 201, 364, 507
Christianity, 10, 34, 48n, 55, 63n, 109, 117, 139
Great Schism, 201
hierarchy and divisions in, 144
and Judaism, 110, 118, 140
Roman adoption of, 143–5, 150–1
and suppression of Jews, 148–50
Christians, early, 114–19, 121, 132–4, 136, 138–40
Christology, 144, 156–7
Chronicon Paschale, 135n
church bells, 196, 214, 255, 330
Church of Holy Archangels, 103n
Church of Mary Magdalene, 368, 386, 444n, 455n, 489
Church of Our Lady of Jehoshaphat, 228
Church of the Dormition, 379n, 492
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, xxi, 106n, 108, 149, 197, 303, 400, 420, 456, 485, 510
and Arab conquests, 173, 175–6, 178, 182–3, 189–92, 194
construction by Empress Helena, 147
and Crusaders, 208, 212–15, 217, 221, 225, 227–8, 233, 235, 243, 250, 260, 269
daily rituals, 518–20
and Descent of the Holy Fire, 198, 228, 230, 300, 305, 328, 348, 361, 367, 388, 518
destruction by fire, 320
Fatimid destruction, 199–200
the Holy Sepulchre, 134, 152, 165, 175, 177n, 178, 185, 189–92, 194
and international visitors, 320, 328, 341, 345–6, 348, 353, 367–8, 378
and Islamic sultanate, 254–5, 260, 263
last Crusader grave, 422n
latrines, 310
and Mamluk sultanate, 281, 285–7
model of, 160
and Mongol raids, 277
and Napoleonic invasion, 316, 318
and Ottoman sultanate, 299–300
Persian destruction, 162–3
and pilgrims’ accommodation, 201
and religious conflict, 320, 339, 343, 348, 424, 520–1
and Tartar conquest, 271
and Turkish conquests, 203
Church of the Pinnacle, 160n
Church of the Redeemer, 378
Church of the Resurrection, 153
Churchill, Clementine, 433
Churchill, Lord Randolph, 433n
Churchill, Sir Winston, xxv, 382n, 423n, 429n, 431–4, 441, 453n, 466, 477, 484n, 485
and Zionism, 410–14, 432, 461
CIA, 489
Cilicia, 26, 88n, 117, 131n
circumcision, 45, 61–3, 118, 130, 360
ban on, 134, 137
and Islam, 171
Citadel, xxi, 8–9, 84, 88, 123, 132, 136, 185, 202, 348
and Crusaders, 207, 215, 217
Clarence, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of, 362
Claudius, Emperor, 5, 114–16, 146n
Clausewitz, Carl von, 446
Clemenceau, Georges, 427–8
Cleopatra II, Queen of Egypt, 67n
Cleopatra III, Queen of Egypt, 70n
Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt, 73–5, 77–82, 131
Cleopatra Selene, 82n
Cleopatra Thea, 67n
Clermont, 208–9
Clifford, Clark, 464
Clinton, Bill, President, 506, 508–9, 514
Cobb, Miss, 399
Cohen, Amnon, 509n
Cohen, ‘Red Rosa’, 430
Cold War, 489
Columbus, Christopher, 294n
Conder, Lieutenant Charles, 355n, 363n
Congress of Berlin, 362, 409
Congreve, General Sir Walter ‘Squib’, 445
Conrad III, King of Germany, 234–5
Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem, 249, 256n
Conrad II, King of Jerusalem, 270n
Conradin, King of Jerusalem, 270n
Constantine the Great, Emperor, 140, 143–5, 148–9, 163, 182, 184, 217, 369, 409
Constantine IX Monamachus, Emperor, 200
Constantine X Doukas, Emperor, 201
Constantinople, 130n, 144, 147, 153–6, 158–9, 165, 189, 192, 207n, 209, 217, 416, 442
and Arab conquest, 180, 183, 185–6, 190
Hagia Sofia, 159, 181–2, 201
Nika riots, 158
Ottoman conquest, 288
and Persian threat, 161, 163–4
Russian conquest, 311n
see also Istanbul
Constantius Chlorus, Emperor, 140
Constantius II, Emperor, 148n, 149–50
Cook, John Mason, 379
Cook, Thomas, 363
Cook, Miss, 335
Coptic Church, 157n, 310, 519
Córdoba, 200n, 499
Council of Chalcedon, 157
Council of Nicaea, 145, 148
Court of Women, 8, 86
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 72–3, 76n, 106n
Creasy, Mathilda, 345
Cremieux, Adolphe, 333
Cresson, Warder, 336–8
Crete, 14, 79, 101, 327
Crewe, Margaret, Marchioness of, 414
Crimea, 191n, 304, 382n, 440n
Crimean War, 343–4, 345n, 347–8, 352
Crispus Caesar, 145
Croesus, King of Lydia, 47
Cromwell, Oliver, 301–2, 303, 331
Crossman, Richard, 461
crucifixion, 1–2, 62, 105–7
Crusader architecture, 254
Crusades, 189, 355, 420, 428
Count Thibault’s, 270
Eighth, 277n
Fifth, 265–6
First, 208–10
and holy war theory, 208
and reconquest of Spain, 285, 293–4
Second, 234, 333
Seventh, 271
Third, 255–62
Ctesiphon, 161–2
Cunningham, General Sir Alan, 467, 474–5
Curzon, George Nathaniel, Marquess, 414, 415n, 426, 432–3
Curzon, Robert, 328–9
Cyprus, 35, 55, 84n, 133, 179, 257, 260n, 325, 362, 380–1, 436
Cyrenaica, 55
Cyrene, 81
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia, 47–50, 53
Czechoslovakia, 452–4
Dacia, 134
Daimbert, Patriarch, 215–16
Dajani family, 296, 308n, 360–1, 439, 469, 488
Damas, General, 312, 316
Damascus, 22, 29, 32n, 71, 194, 316n, 318, 323, 350, 380, 383, 417n, 469, 492
and Albanian conquest, 327
and Arab conquests, 172, 176, 178, 181, 185–6, 310
and Crusaders, 217, 223–4, 235, 243, 246, 249
and division of Middle East, 403, 405, 421, 426, 428, 469
and Islamic sultanate, 251–3, 262–4, 268
Jewish population and blood libel, 333, 336, 374
and Mongol conquest, 272, 279
and St Paul’s conversion, 117, 143
and Tamurlane’s conquest, 282–4
and Three Pashas, 397–8, 416
Umayyad Mosque, 96n, 185
Damascus Gate, 110, 134, 135n, 138, 152n, 157, 208, 211, 226, 270, 304, 364–5, 379, 395, 397, 467, 479, 518
Damasus, Bishop, 151
Damietta, 265
Dan, 30
Daniel, prophet, 45–6, 97, 100n, 150
Daniel the stylite, 154
Danube, river, 343
Danzig, 513
Darius I ‘the Great’, King of Persia, 49–50, 52, 106n
Darius III, King of Persia, 53
d’Aubeny, Philip, 422n
House of David, 22, 32n
David, King, xix, xxiv, 7, 10, 13, 19–25, 32n, 40, 46, 67n, 86, 133, 140, 304–5, 374, 491
and Bathsheba, 23, 25, 363
and Charlemagne, 189
and Islam, 170, 175, 182, 185
his palace, 23n, 501n
relics of, 152
David el-Rey, 240n
David’s Tomb, see Mount Zion, Cenacle
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), 171, 302, 436–7, 459, 502
see also Yom Kippur War
Dayan, Moshe, 400n, 456, 481, 487, 504
and Orde Wingate, 451–2
and Six Day War, 493–8
Dayan, Ruth, 452, 494
D-Day, 459
Dead Sea, 90, 96, 123
Dead Sea Scrolls, 100n, 495