scratch /skrstj/ \v T) to damage a painted or polished surface by making long thin marks on it with something sharp or rough. Be careful not to scratch the table with those scissors. I I'm afraid I scratched your car when I came through the gate.
vandalize (also vandalise British)
A
'vsndalaiz- \v T] to deliberately damage buildings, vehicles, or public property, just for fun: All the public telephones in the area had been vandalized. vandal [n C] someone who vandalizes things: Vandals broke into the school and wrecked two classrooms.
when things get gradually damaged over a long period
wear away /.wear a'wei/1phrasal verb TJ if the wind, rain, sea etc wears something away, it makes it get gradually thinner until there is nothing left
wear away sthjwear sth away places
where the waves had worn away the cliff face I The cathedral steps were getting worn away by the tramping feet of thousands of visitors.
wear out .wear 'aot< [phrasal verb T] to damage clothes, material, or equipment by wearing them or using them a lot wear out sth/wear sth out After only a month Terry had worn out the soles of his shoes. I The carpet on the stairs is getting worn out.
erosion п'гзо^п/ [n U] the gradual process by which the weather, water, or air damages or destroys rocks, buildings, land etc: soil erosion + of the erosion of the coastline
В to have a bad effect on
something
harm/damage ha:rm, d<emid3/ T] to
have a bad effect on something, in a way that makes it weaker, less effective, or less successfuclass="underline" The scandal will damage the company's reputation. I Smoking can seriously damage your health. I If the peace talks fail, it will harm the President's chances of being re-elected.
be bad for sth/Kave a bad effect
ОЛ sth 'bi: baed h:r (sth), hacv э ,bxd I'fekt on (sth)/ to change or affect something in a harmful way: Losing her job had a bad effect on Patty's confidence. I An increase in interest rates at the present time would definitely be bad for business.
hurt h3:rt [u t] especially american to have a bad effect on an organization or activity, by making it less successful or effective: new regulations that could hurt the farming industry
hurting - hurt - have hurt
harm/ill /'ha:rmfr?l. (adjj causing physical damage or serious problems - use this
especially about things that harm the environment or are dangerous for people s health: harmful ultra-violet rays + to These chemicals are harmful to the ozone layer.
harm/ul effects the harmjul effects of alcohol
damaging /'daemidjii]/ ladj] causing serious problems - use this especially
about information, events, or situations that cause serious problems for a person or organization: damaging rumors about the President's private life + to If people found out about his divorce, it could be uery damaging to his career.
Q the physical damage caused by something
damage /'d;cmjd3, (л U] physical damage that spoils the way something looks or the way it works: It will take many years to repair the damage.
cause/do damage (=damage something) The explosion caused ouer $50,000
worth of damage. + to damage to the environment
severe/serious damage The pine forests of northern Europe have suffered severe damage from acid rain.
harm/damage /ha:rm, 'daemnfc/ [n UJ
the serious problems that something causes for a person, organization etc
do Harm/damage If you keep criticizing children, it can do a lot of harm, + to newspaper reports that resulted in serious damage to Captain Lee's career and reputation I The civil war did a lot of harm to the tourist trade.
DANCE
II to dance
dance /da:ns|daens/ [v I] to move your body in time to music, for example at a social event or as part of a performance: Eueryone got up and danced. + with Will you dance with me? + to My parents were dancing to a sentimental old love song.
dancing /'da:nsii]|'daen-/ [n U] the activity
of moving your feet and body to music. My boyfriend doesn't like dancing. I There was music, Scottish dancing, and lots of food.
go dancing (=go somewhere in order to dance) We went dancing nearly every night.
do du:/ \v T) to do a particular kind of dance: Can you do the twist? I She got
up and did a little dance. doino - did - have dont'
Ea different types of dance
dance dci:nsl|daens [n CI a set of movements that you do to a particular kind of music: / prefer old-fashioned dances like the waltz and the tango, folk dance (=a traditional dance from a
particular country or area) Hungarian folk dances
ballet (!,baelei||bae'lei. 'baelei/ In U] a serious artistic performance in which movement and dance are used to tell a story
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DANCE
disco diskao [n U) a type of modern dancing done to loud popular music, in which there are no fixed movements
ballroom dancing tnilrom du:nsii}||
-daen- (n U] a type of formal dancing in which people dance in pairs and do different, fixed movements to different types of music
country dancing British square
dancing american /клтп dainsii]. skwe9r ,da:nsii]i|-'daen- [n U] traditional dancing in which pairs of dancers move in rows and circles
someone who dances
dancer /da:ns3r||'dam-/ In CI someone who dances, either because it is their job or for enjoyment: As a child, Alice dreamed of becoming a ballet dancer, i I'm not a very good dancer.