anyone/anybody /'eniwAii, стЬЩ
-baidi/ [pronoun] any person: This would be an ideal job for anyone who speaks French and Italian. I Peter's more intelligent than anybody I know. I If anyone needs more information, come and see me after the class.
/h Anyone and anybody are singular and take a singular verb: Has anyone seen my keys? But we usually use plural pronouns (they, them, and their) with these words: If anyone phones me, tell them I'll be back later. In more formal situations, you can say 'he or she', 'him or her7 etc instead of 'the/ or 'them': If anyone wishes to speak to the Principal, he or she should make an appointment.
whatever wotev3r|| wait-/ \pronounj anything at ail - use this to emphasize that it does not matter which object, action, idea etc whatever sb does/says/wants etc They told me I could eat whatever I wanted from the fridge. I We'll do whatever we
can to help. I It's best just to agree with whatever he says.
whoever /hu:'ev3r/ [pronoun] any person at all - use this to emphasize that it does not matter which one: You can invite whoever you want to your party. I It seems that whoever is in charge of the team, we always lose.
affecting everything or every part of a situation
total/complete /'taotl, bm'pliit/ jadj only before noun] affecting everything or every part of a situation: They want a total ban on cigarette advertising. I My parents hod complete control over my life. 1 the complete destruction of the rainforest
ALMOST
almost
almost/nearly /'Klmaust, гшгН, [adu]
use this to say that something is a little less than a number or amount, or to say that something almost happens or is almost
true
You can use almost or nearly in these combinations: with numbers: There were almost 200 people at the meeting with verbs- ' was laughing so much I almost fell off my chair. I She nearly died of her injuries.
A
with: all, every/ everyone/ everything always 5he fost almost all her money. I We see each other nearly every day. with: as + adjective + as: She's almost as tall as her big sister.
Don't say 'almost my friends came' or 'almost of my friends came'. Say almost all my friends came or almost all of my friends came>
ALL
In American English, almost <s much more common than nearly/ but in British English both words are common.
You can use 'very' with nearly, but you
can't use it with almost. Don't say 'Brazil very almost lost the game', say Brazil
very nearly lost the game.
practically/virtually prsktikli, уз:г
tjualij (adu) almost completely: Cholera has virtually disappeared from this region.
+ /utl/empty/impossible/the same etc
A
The theatre was practically empty I It's virtually impossible for a woman to become president in this country. + all/every/everyone (=very nearly all) Tom knew practically everyone at the party. I Virtually all the children come to school by car.
Don't use practically or virtually with numbers.
Qjust about/more or less d^Ast
зЪа<я, ,тэт э;г 'les*/ especially spoken not completely or exactly, but almost so that the difference is not important: I had more or less convinced her that I was telling the truth.
+ ready /finished/straight/the same etc
Dinner's just about ready. I All the rooms are more or less the same size. + every I everyone I everything She's invited just about everyone she knows.
not quite /not kwait/ not completely, but almost - use this to say that something is not true or has not happened, but it is almost true or has almost happened: She hasn 't quite finished her homework yet. I This skirt isn't quite long enough. I Give me five minutes - I'm not quite ready. not quite as good/big/strong as The female bird isn't quite as big as the male.
when something happens, but almost does not
24
just /dSASt/ [adu] use this to talk about something that does happen, but almost does not happen: He just failed the examination - two more points and he would have passed. 1 I just managed to get there before the train left.
only just These pants only just fit me. (=they are almost too small)
just big enough/old enough etc The tun
nel is just wide enough for two trucks to pass each other.
hardly /ho:rdli [adu] almost not: I hadn't
seen him for 12 years, but he'd hardly changed at all.
can/could hardly do sth (=can only do it with difficulty) I was so tired I could hardly keep my eyes open.
hardly any/any one/any thing (-almost
none, almost no-one, almost nothing) There's hardly any fuel left in the tank. hardly ever (=a)most never) She hardly ever goes to church.
Д Be careful with the word order. Hardly goes before the verb: She hardly spoke to me all day. If there is a modal or auxiliary verb (like have, will, should etc), hardly goes after this and before the main verb: She had hardly spoken to me all day. I The writing was so small I could hardly read it.
ALONE
see also independent
II when there are no other people with you
alone/on your own/by yourself
/э'Ып, on p:r 'oon, bai jo:r'seif/ (actyadul when you are in a place and no-one else is there with you: She was sitting alone on a park bench. I / don't really like walking home on my own at night. I Do you share the apartment, or do you live by yourself? all alone/on your own/by yoursel/ (=completely alone) Wendy was fright- ened, all alone in that big old house. leave sb alone/on their own/by themselves The first time his parents left him alone in the house, he set fire to the kitchen. I Mark's not well. I ccn't go out and leave him on his own.
^^ On your own and by yourself are
more informal than alone. Alone is often used in written stories and descriptions.
Don't confuse alone (=when no-one else is there) and lonely (=when you feel unhappy because you are alone).
В when you do something
without anyone else on your own/by yourset/ nn jar
эоп, bai jo:r'self if you do something on
your own or by yourself you do it without anyone with you or helping you: / don't like going to restaurants on my own. I Surely he s old enough to get dressed by himself isn't he? all on your own/all by yoursel/ (=when it is surprising that someone has done something without anyone's help) How did you manage to prepare so much food all on your own?
single-handed/single-handedly
,sii]g<?l 'hsnd^d. ,sii]g<?l lhfendtVili/ ladv] if you do something single-handed or single-handedly, especially something very difficult or impressive, you do it without any help from anyone else: Do you remember that part in the movie where Superman single-handedly saves fhe whole city from destruction? I In 1992. he rowed across the Atlantic single-