INCLUDE/ NOT INCLUDE
see also have/not have, contain
to include someone or something
A
include /in'kluid/ [и T] if a group of people, things, ideas etc includes someone or something, it has them as one of its parts, but there are other parts as welclass="underline" Our tour party included several young families. I Today's programme will include a workshop on language learning games. I Symptoms of the disease include tiredness and loss of memory.
Don't say 'it is including these things'. Say it includes these things.
including /in'kluidiq/ [preposition} use this to say that someone or something is part of the group that you have just mentioned: Everyone in the class passed the test, including me. I You can play all kinds of games here, including tennis, basketball, and squash.
consist of sth/be made up of sth
/ksn'sist ov (sth), bi: meid 4p dv (sth)/ [phrasal verb T] use this when you are mentioning all of the parts that something includes: The US government consists of the Congress, the Judiciary, and the
INCLUDE/NOT INCLUDE 384
supervision /rsu:par'vivn, tsju:-||,su:-/ [n U]
the activity of supervising people or activities: The child needs constant supervision, under the supervision of sb (=while
being supervised by someone) Youcantry
sailing or rock-climbing under the supervision of experienced instructors.
leadership /'li:darJip/ (л U] the position of being in charge of a group or organization
+ of Tony Blair took over the leadership of the party after John Smith died.
President. I Up to 70% of your total body weight is made up of water. I For the first three or four months a baby's diet consists only of milk.
A Don't say 'it is consisted of these things'. Say it consists of these things
AS. Don't confuse include and consist of Use include to mention only some of the things that something includes, but use consist of to mention all of the things that something includes: The Romance family of languages includes French and Spanish. I The Romance family of languages consists of French, Spanish, Italian, and several other languages.
contain kan'tem/ [и T] to include particular ideas, images, or information - use this about things like books, films, or reports: The film contains some very unpleasant scenes of violence. I Her report con tained some interesting suggestions.
cover j'k\vjr! [и T] to include information about every part of a subject or about a lot of different subjects - use this about a book, TV programme, class etc: His book on European politics covers the period from 1914 to 1989. I Does your French
class cover modern French literature?
range /rom /'remd3 fnom||-fr\m/ [phrasal verb Tj if prices, ages, amounts etc range from one number or amount to another, they include both the lower and higher amounts and other amounts in between them: My students' ages ranged from 20 to 55. 1 Prices for a week in one of our villas range from £75 to £335.
when a number, total, or price includes something
include /in'kluidj [v T] The price of the computer includes £500 worth of free software. I It's $50 per night." "Does that include breakfast?"
including /in'kluidii]/ [preposition] use this to say that something is included in a number, total, or price: The final cost of the meal was $60, including a 10% service charge. I The phone costs £68, including batteries.
come with sth /'клт wia (sth)/ [phrasal
verb T] if something that you buy comes with something else, the second thing is included when you buy the first, and you do not have to pay any more for it: All the dishes on this menu come with either
French fries or salad I The carpets came with the house.
wit К /wkV wiB, [preposition] including a number or amount that is added to the totaclass="underline" With tax. the hotel bill came to
$400.
В to not include someone or something
leave out /,li:v 'aut' 1 phrasal verb T] to not include someone or something, either deliberately or accidentally leave sb/sth out of sth Fans were shocked that Giggs had been left out of the team.
leave out sb/sth You've left out a zero in this phone number.
exclude /ik'skluid/ [v T] formal to deliberately not include someone or something, especially in a way that seems wrong or unfair: The new law protects most workers, but excludes those on part-time contracts. I She felt they were deliberately excluding her from their plans.
omit /au'mit, э-/ If T] formal to not include something, especially a piece of information. either deliberately or because you forget: How can you give a list of 'Great English Novelists' that omits Dickens? omit sth from sth Sara's name had been omitted from the list of phone numbers. omitting - omitted - have omitted
miss Out ;,mis aut/ [phrasal verb T] British to not include someone or something that should be included, often by
mistake
miss out/miss sth out You missed out seu- eral important facts. I Those are the people I'm inviting. Did I miss anyone out?
when a number, total, or price does not include something
not include /not in'kluui The price does not include sales tax. not including He used to earn about £300 a week, not including bonuses. I There were about 50 people on the
plane, not including the crew.
excluding /ik'skluid 113/ [preposition] not including - use this especially when you are talking about prices or taxes: The computer costs £1500, excluding VAT. I Car rental charges are $50 a day, excluding the cost of gasoline.