hill /hil/ [n C) an area of land that is higher than the land around it, like a mountain but smaller: A rough track led over the hill to the village.
valley y'vaeli/ [n C] an area of low land between two hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it: the Welsh
You can also use the woods to mean an area covered with trees: a walk through the woods I a btory about two children who got lost in the woods
rain/orest/jungle rein.for^t, 'd^r^ll
-,fy.-. -,fai- [n C/U] a tropical forest with many large plants and tall trees growing close together, in an area where there is a lot of rain: They had to cut a path through the thick leaves and branches of the jungle. I Environmental groups are campaigning against the destruction of the rainforest.
dry land
desert /'dez3rt/ [n C/U] a large area of land in a hot place, where there is very little rain and very few plants or trees: the Sahara Desert I Mauretania is a poor country and most of it is desert.
_ rivers
river /iiva1"/ (n C] a natural and continuous flow of water in a long line across land and into the sea: the River Danube I Let's go for a swim in the river.
A
Use rainforest (not 'jungle') when you
are talking about the environment.
i
coast
Stream /striim/ [n С] a small river that is only one or two metres wide: a mountain stream t We passed a couple of boys who were fishing in the stream.
pool /pu:l/ [n CI a small area of water that is not moving, for example at the edge of the sea or forming part of a river: The children hunted for crabs in the pools
и
between the rocks.
areas of land with water around them
island "ailand/ [n C] a piece of land completely surrounded by water: a small island in the middle of the lake I the Hawaiian Islands I the island of Cyprus desert island (=a small tropical island far from other places with no-one living on it)
peninsula /pa'ninsj^H-ssIa/ [n CI a long
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LAND AND SEA
sea
piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to the rest of the land in one place: a rocky peninsula that stretches out into the Atlantic Ocean I a city near the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula
areas of water
surrounded by land
lake /leik/ [n С] a large area of water surrounded by land: There's a little island in the middle of the lake. I Lake Ontario
pond /pDnd||pa:nd/ [n С] a small area of water, especially one that has been made in a garden, park, or field: A few village children were standing by the pond,
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feeding the ducks.
the sea
the sea especially British the ocean especially american /9э si:, di 'эирп/ [n singular] the large area of salty water that covers most of the Earth's surface: Do you like swimming in the sea? I She sat on the beach, gazing out at the ocean. I The sea was calm and there was a gentle
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breeze.
The sea is the word usually used in British English, and the ocean is the usual word in American English.
A
/t\ Sea and ocean are also used in the names of large areas of water. An ocean is one of the five very large areas of water in the world: the Pacific Ocean I the Indian Ocean. A sea is a smaller area of water which is either part of an ocean or has land all around it: the South China Sea I the Caspian Sea
You can also use sea before a noun, like I an adjective, in both British and American I English: the seashore 1 sea creatures.
at sea 9t si:, travelling on the sea far away from land: We had been at sea for two weeks when there was a terrible storm.
IB
marine тэ'гпп' [adj only before noun] marine plants and animals live in the sea: She .studies jellyfish and other marine life. I marine biology
where the sea and land
meet
the coast (Ъ 'kaost/ (n singular) the pan of a country that is close to the sea - use this when you are talking about a country or a large part of a country: driving along the Californian coast, from San
Francisco to LA
on the coast (=on land that is close to the sea) a little house on the coast of Brittany
off the coast (=in the sea but close to the land) They discovered oil off the northern coast of Scotland. + of The ship slowly made its way along the west coast of Africa.
the shore /(to Jd:r; |n singular] the land along the edge of the sea or along the edge of a lake: We could see a boat about a mile from the shore.
LAND AND SEA
the shore o//tfie shores of a small town
You can say either the shore of or the shores of, and it means the same thing.
on the shores of Lake Ontario
A
L
beach /bi:tj\' [n C] an area of sand at the edge of the sea - use this especially to talk about a place where you go to relax and
enjoy yourself: The area has miles of unspoiled sandy beaches. the beach By nine o'clock the beach was already crowded with people. I Let's go to the beach tomorrow.
! You can also use beach before a noun, like an adjective: a beach party I a beach ball
the seaside /бэ si:said/ [n singular]
BRiTisf \ a place at the edge of the sea - use this especially to talk about somewhere where you go for a holiday or to enjoy yourself: IVhen I was little we used to go to the seaside most weekends.
You can also use seaside before a I noun, like an adjective: a seaside holiday J (=at the seaside) I a seaside town
by the sea /bai бэ si: on land next to the
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sea: We bought a small cottage by the sea. \ walking by the sea in the early morning
the study of countries/ rivers, oceans etc
geography ..d^'ngrafifl-'ajg-/ |n U] the
study or countries, rivers, oceans, towns etc: She teaches geography in the high
school. I 1 have to draw a map of India for my geography homework.
LANGUAGE
see also word/phrase/sentence
the language used by a particular group of people
language 'Isrjgwidv [n С] a system of