28. K. Voroshilov, Stalin i Krasnaya Armiya, p. 104.
29. ITsKKPSS, no. 11 (1989), p. 157.
30. Ibid., pp. 161–2.
31. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 51.
32. ITsKKPSS, no. 6 (1989), p. 146 and no. 12 (1989), pp. 169–70; G. Leggett, The Cheka, pp. 162–3.
33. Stalin’s copy of N. Lenin, Gosudarstvo i revolyutsiya (Petrograd, 1919), inside flap: RGASPI, f. 558, op. 3, d. 156.
34. Ibid., p. 28.
35. Ibid., inside flap.
36. The Trotsky Papers, 1917–1922, vol. 1.
37. V. Alliluev, Khronika odnoi sem’i: Alliluevy. Stalin, p. 9.
38. See below, pp. 178–9.
39. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 1, d. 627, p. 1.
40. Ibid.
41. S. V. Lipitskii, ‘Stalin v grazhdanskoi voine’, p. 98.
42. See R. Service, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution, pp. 101–2 and 123–5.
16. The Polish Corridor
1. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 50, p. 186.
2. Ibid., pp. 285–6. See also the remarks by Béla Kun quoted from archives in V. M. Kholodkovskii, ‘V. I. Lenin i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya novogo tipa’, p. 88.
3. See Lenin’s speech to the Ninth Party Conference, RGASPI, f. 44, op. 1, d. 5, pp. 11–18, 20–1, 27–8; and his memoranda quoted in Izvestiya, 27 April 1992.
4. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 15, item 3 and d. 103, item 8.
5. ITsKKPSS, no. 2 (1990), p. 158.
6. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 51, p. 240.
7. ITsKKPSS, no. 1 (1991), pp. 119–22.
8. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 96, item 2.
9. Ibid., f. 558, op. 1, d. 4200, p. 1.
10. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 3, p. 120.
11. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 4, pp. 332–3.
12. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, pp. 149–50: telegrams to Lenin and Trotski.
13. See R. Service, Lenin: A Biography, pp. 406–8.
14. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 110.
15. K. E. Voroshilov, Stalin i Vooruzhënnye Sily SSSR, p. 23.
16. Istoriya SSSR, vol. 3, book 2, p. 364.
17. RGASPI, f. 558, d. 1470, p. 1.
18. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 51, pp. 237–8.
19. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 142.
20. Ibid., p. 143.
21. Ibid., pp. 147 and 150.
22. Ibid., p. 150.
23. Ibid., pp. 150–1.
24. Ibid., pp. 151–2.
25. Speech by Stalin to the Twelfth Party Congress section on the national question, 25 April 1923: ITsKKPSS, no. 4 (1991), p. 171.
26. Ibid.
27. See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star, p. 200.
28. See the assessment by Norman Davies (shared with Piłsudski) in ibid., pp. 208–10.
29. S. M. Budënnyi, Proidënnyi put’, vol. 2, p. 304.
30. See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star, pp. 213–14.
31. S. M. Budënnyi, Proidënnyi put’, vol. 2, pp. 310–11.
32. Ibid., p. 303.
33. See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star, pp. 218–19.
34. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 103, item 1a.
35. Ibid., item 5.
36. See above, pp. 172–3.
37. Thus he attended the Politburo on 25 and 26 August, 6, 14, and 15 September 1920: RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 104–9.
38. Ibid., d. 106, item 19.
39. Ibid., item 10.
40. Ibid., d. 107, item 2; d. 108, item 1.
41. Ibid., d. 108, item 9.
42. Ibid., f. 44, op. 1, d. 5, pp. 33, 35 and 36.
43. Devyataya Konferentsiya RKP(b), p. 26.
44. Ibid., p. 79.
45. C. Zetkin, Erinnerungen an Lenin (Vienna, 1929), pp. 20–1; I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 4, pp. 323–4 and 333.
46. Devyataya Konferentsiya RKP(b), p. 82.
47. This is essentially what Trotski did at the Tenth Party Congress at the end of the ‘trade union discussion’ and indeed what Lenin pre-emptively sought to do at the Ninth Party Congress.
48. See above, p. 170.
49. Birthday speech for Lenin: Pravda, 24 April 1920.
50. See R. C. Tucker, Stalin as Revolutionary, pp. 122–30.
17. With Lenin
1. A. Mikoyan, Mysli i vospominaniya o Lenine, p. 139.
2. See R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 3, pp. 181 and 207.
3. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 1, d. 5193, p. 2.
4. Ibid. Stalin wrote on Rabkrin letter-paper, perhaps aiming to show to Lenin that he had plenty of other work to carry out: ibid., p. 1.
5. Politburo minutes, 24 November 1921: ibid., f. 17, op. 3, d. 234, item 10.
6. RGASPI, f. 46, op. 1, d. 3, p. 18.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., f. 5, op. 2, d. 8, p. 24.
9. See R. Service, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution, chaps. 5–7.
10. Molotov. Poluderzhavnyi vlastelin, p. 261.
11. Odinnadtsatyi s”ezd RKP(b), pp. 84–5; RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2 d. 78, item 1-i-b, p. 1.
12. Molotov. Poluderzhavnyi vlastelin, p. 240: this was Molotov’s recollection in old age.
13. See the discussion at the Central Committee plenum, 3 April 1922: RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 78, item 1 (i/b).
14. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 369.
15. See above, pp. 63, 128 and 168–9.
16. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 214.
17. Ibid., p. 227.
18. N. A. Uglanov, ‘Vospominaniya’, Vospominaniya o Vladimire Il’iche Lenine, vol. 7, p. 72.
19. See R. Service, Lenin: A Biography, pp. 248 and 293–4.
20. RGASPI, f. 16, op. 3s, d. 20, p. 61.
21. ‘Vospominaniya M.I. Ul’yanovoi’: ibid., pp. 11–12.
22. Reports by the head of Lenin’s special guard unit: ibid., op. 2s, d. 39, pp. 26, 45, 55, 61, 76 and 89.
23. Ibid., f. 17, op. 2, d. 25993.
24. Ibid.
25. ITsKKPSS, no. 4 (1991), p. 188. Lenin was willing to allow Kamenev, Zinoviev and Tomski to become ‘candidate members’ only.
26. Politburo minutes, 10 November 1921: RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 228, item 2.
27. See above, pp. 179–80.
28. ITsKKPSS, no. 9 (1989), pp. 195, 197 and 198.