1. Sochineniya, vol. 14, p. 1.
2. See below, note 4.
3. Sochineniya, vol. 14, p. 5.
4. Letter of July 1941: Zvezda, no. 2 (2003), p. 191.
5. Sochineniya, vol. 14, p. 6.
6. Ibid., p. 33.
7. Ibid., p. 34.
8. This is a point made by J. Brooks, Thank You, Comrade Stalin!, p. 160.
9. See in general D. C. Watt, How War Came, pp. 224–33.
10. The Times, 4 January 1943.
11. Ibid., 1 January 1940.
12. See below, chapter 32.
13. N. K. Baibakov, Ot Stalina do Yel’tsina, pp. 43–8.
14. Ibid., p. 64.
15. Ibid.
16. Testimony of A. E. Golovanov in G. A. Kumanëv (ed.), Ryadom so Stalinym, pp. 272–3.
17. G. K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, vol. 3, p. 59.
18. Ibid., pp. 113 and 115.
19. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniya, p. 111.
20. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 463.
21. P. A Sudoplatov and A. Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 328.
22. G. K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, vol. 2, p. 266.
23. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 244.
24. Ibid., p. 270.
25. Ibid., p. 134.
26. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 563.
27. G. A. Kumanëv, ‘Dve besedy s L. M. Kaganovichem’, Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, no. 2 (1999), p. 107.
42. The Big Three
1. Perepiska predsedatelya Soveta Ministrov SSSR, vol. 2, p. 98. See also W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 4, p. 594.
2. Perepiska predsedatelya Soveta Ministrov SSSR, vol. 2, p. 101.
3. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 93.
4. The carriage now stands outside the State Home-Museum of I. V. Stalin at Gori.
5. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 4, p. 447.
6. Perepiska predsedatelya Soveta Ministrov SSSR, vol. 2, p. 43.
7. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 4, p. 443.
8. J. von Ribbentrop, Zwischen London und Moskau. p. 25.
9. I. P. McEwan, ‘Quo Vadis?’, p. 113. I am grateful to Philippa McEwan for supplying me with this memoir.
10. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 5, pp. 334–6.
11. Churchill and Stalin: Documents from the British Archives: conversation of Churchill and Stalin, 28 November 1943, doc. 46, p. 3.
12. Ibid., doc. 48, p. 2: meeting at Soviet embassy in Tehran, 1 December 1943.
13. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 5, p. 350.
14. Churchill and Stalin: Documents from the British Archives, doc. 47
15. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 93.
16. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 6, p. 198. The English spelling in Churchill’s manuscript and book was ‘Roumania’.
17. Ibid.
18. Istochnik, no. 4 (1995), p. 17.
19. N. Lebrecht, ‘Prokofiev was Stalin’s Last Victim’.
20. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 6, p. 345. This was sometimes shortened to ‘U.J.’: ibid., p. 199.
21. Ibid., The Second World War, vol. 4, p. 596.
22. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 330.
23. Ibid., p. 342.
43. Last Campaigns
1. See R. Overy, Russia’s War, pp. 240–1.
2. J. Erickson, The Road to Berlin, pp. 274–90; N. Davies, Rising ’44, pp. 209–11 and 265–72.
3. G. K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, vol. 3, pp. 173–4. Alas, the other participants — Stalin, Molotov and Beria — left no useful memoirs on the subject.
4. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 6, p. 117.
5. Churchill and Stalin: Documents from the British Archives, doc. 55, p. 1: telegram of A. Eden to Sir O. Sergeant, 12 October 1944. It must be added that Churchill said this in a moment when he was trying to cajole Stalin into making concessions to the ‘London Poles’.
6. M. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 87. Stalin also made exculpatory remarks about Red Army soldiers to a Czechoslovak delegation on 28 March 1945: ‘Proidët desyatok let, i eti vstrechi ne vosstanovish’ uzhe v pamyati. Dnevnikovye zapisi V. A. Malysheva’, p. 127.
7. See the text in Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, no. 3 (2000), p. 181.
8. Ibid.
9. See J. Erickson, The Road to Berlin, pp. 606–16.
10. See D. Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 125.
11. See ibid., p. 124.
12. Ibid., p. 126.
13. Ibid., p. 128.
14. Ibid., pp. 128–9.
44. Victory!
1. I have taken this account from A. Werth, Russia at War, 1941–1945, p. 969; J. Bardach and K. Gleeson, Surviving Freedom, p. 95.
2. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 175.
3. N. S. Khrushchëv, ‘Memuary Nikity Sergeevicha Khrushchëva’, Voprosy istorii, no. 7–8 (1991), p. 100.
4. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 16, p. 197.
5. Ibid., p. 198.
6. Pravda, 25 May 1945.
7. G. K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, vol. 3, pp. 308. Zhukov’s information came from Stalin’s son Vasili.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 309.
10. Pravda, 27 June 1945.
11. S. G. Wheatcroft and R. W. Davies, ‘Population’, p. 78.
12. Ye. Zubkova, Obshchestvo i reformy, 1945–1964, p. 43.
13. Vostochnaya Evropa v dokumentakh rossiiskikh arkhivov, 1945–1953 gg., vol. 1, p. 132. The date of the Moscow discussion was 9 January 1945.
14. Ibid., pp. 456–7. The meeting occurred on 22 May 1946.
15. Ibid., p. 132.
45. Delivering the Blow
1. V. Alliluev, Khronika odnoi sem’i: Alliluevy. Stalin, p. 218. See Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, p. 472; Y. Gorlizki and O. Khlevniuk, Cold Peace. Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953, p. 177.
2. Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR, 1945–1953, p. 398.
3. A. S. Belyakov’s recollections of A. A. Zhdanov’s oral account of a meeting of central party leaders: G. Arbatov, Svidetel’stvo sovremennika, p. 377.