65. XVII s”ezd Vsesoyuznoy kommunisticheskoy partii (b) 26 yanvarya-10 fevralya 1934 g. Stenograficheskii otchet (Moscow, 1934).
66. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service, p. 31.
67. Major V. Dapishev of the Soviet General Staff, at a session of the Department for the History of the Great Patriotic War at the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, 18 February 1966 (Posey, 13 January 1967); see also Ernst Genri [S. N. Rostovsky] (Grani, no. 63 [19671]).
68. Erickson, Soviet High Command, pp. 433–34.
69. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 6 (1989).
70. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
71. Politicheskoe obrazovanie, no. 5 (1989).
72. Wilhelm Hoettl, The Secret Front (London, 1954); and see Nedelya, 13 February 1989.
73. W. Gomulka, report to the IXth plenum of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers’ Party (Trybuna Ludu, 23 November 1961),
74. For example, Lev Nikulin, Marshal Tukhachevskiy (Moscow, 1964); Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress; Winston Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1, The Gathering Storm (London, 1948), p. 224; and see Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, no. 10 (1988).
75. Léon Blum, quoted in Erickson, Soviet High Command, p. 433; Novaya i noveyshaya istoriya, no. 1 (1989).
76. Trybuna Ludu, 23 November 1961.
77. Private information from John Erickson.
78. Nikulin, Marshal Tukhachevskiy, pp. 189–94.
79. Novaya i noveyshaya istoriia, no. 1 (1989) (accepting the testimony of Schellenberg, Schellenberg Memoirs, and Hoettl, Secret Front); Sovetskaya Rossiya, 18 September 1988; Politicheskoe obrazovanie, no. 5 (1989).
80. Ukrains’ka Radians’ka Entsiklopediia (Kiev, 1959–65).
81. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service, p. 27.
82. D. V. Pankov, Komkor Eideman (Moscow, 1965), p. 103.
83. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 12 (1964).
84. Koritskiy et al., Marshal Tukhachevskiy, p. 134.
85. Nikulin, Marshal Tukhachevskiy.
86. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
87. Koritskiy et al., Marshal Tukhachevskiy, pp. 128–29.
88. Ibid.; Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, no. 10 (1965).
89. Nikulin, Marshal Tukhachevskiy.
90. Yakir and Geller, Komandarm Yakir, pp. 227ff.
91. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 6 (1989).
92. P. N. Aleksandrov et al., Komandarm Uborevich (Moscow, 1964), pp. 230ff.
93. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 6 (1989).
94. A. V. Gorbatov, Years Off My Life (New York, 1964), p. 103.
95. Yakir and Geller, Komandarm Yakir.
96. Dubinskiy, Naperekor vetram; Nikulin, Marshal Tukhachevskiy; Yakir and Geller, Komandarm Yakir.
97. Pravda, 1 June 1937.
98. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
99. Krasnaya zvezda, 6 June 1937.
100. A. N. Shelepin, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 27 October 1961).
101. Yakir and Geller, Komandarm Yakir, pp. 230–32.
102. Dubinskiy, Naperekor vetram, chap. 14.
103. Pravda, 29 April 1988.
104. Petrov, Partiynoe stroitel’ stvo v sovetskoy armii i flote, pp. 299–300.
105. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 4 (1989).
106. Ibid.
107. Anton Antonov-Ovseenko, The Time of Stalin (New York, 1981), p. 185.
108. Nikulin, Marshal Tukhachevskiy, pp. 189–94.
109. Peter Yakir, at a session of the Department for the History of the Great Patriotic War at the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, 18 February 1966 (Posey, 13 January 1967).
110. Bukharin Trial, p. 5.
111. Pravda, 29 April 1988.
112. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 4, 1989.
113. Ibid.
114. Ibid.
115. Ibid.
116. Dubinskiy, Naperekor vetram, p. 267; Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 4 (1989).
117. Lev Nikulin, in Ogonek, no. 13 (March 1963).
118. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 4 (1989).
119. Dubinskiy, Naperekor vetram, p. 268.
120. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
121. Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.
122. Shelepin, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.
123. Yakir and Geller, Komandarm Yakir, pp. 230–32.
124. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, 15 October 1963.
125. Margarete [Buber] Neumann, Under Two Dictators (London, 1949), p. 56.
126. Yakir and Geller, Komandarm Yakir, p. 232.
127. Khrushchev, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.
128. Bilshovik Ukrainy, no. 6 (1938).
129. Aleksandrov et al., Komandarm Uborevich, pp. 265ff.
130. Lev Nikulin, in Oktyabr’, nos. 2–5 (1965).
131. Antoni Ekart, Vanished Without a Trace (London, 1954), p. 244.
132. Ogonek, no. 13 (1963).
133. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 8.
134. Simon Wolin and Robert M. Slusser, The Soviet Secret Police (New York, 1957), p. 194.
135. Peter Yakir, “Letter to the Editor of Kommunist,” 2 March 1969, translated in Survey, nos. 70–71 (1969).
136. Pravda, 29 April 1988.
137. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 4 (1989).
138. Yakir, “Letter to the Editor of Kommunist,” pp. 72, 75.
139. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 8.
140. G. A. Tokaev, Betrayal of an Ideal (London, 1954), p. 244.
141. Marshal S. T. Biryuzov, Sovetskii soldat na Balkanakh (Moscow, 1963), p. 141.
142. A. T. Stuchenko, Zavidnaya nasha sudba (Moscow, 1964), p. 63.
143. Ibid., p. 64.
144. Barmine, One Who Survived, pp. 6–8.
145. Gorbatov, Years Off My Life, p. 104.
146. L. T. Starinov, Miny zhdut svoego chasa (Moscow, 1964), pp. 149–66.
147. Moscow News, no. 14 (1988).
148. Biriuzov, Sovetskii soldat, pp. 137, 143.
149. Gorbatov, Years Off My Life, p. 104.
150. Alexander Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence (London, 1952), pp. 422–23.
151. Ogonek, no. 46 (1988).
152. Stuchenko, Zavidnaya nasha sudba.
153. Byelarus, no. 7 (1965).
154. Petrov, Partiynoe stroitel’ stvo v sovetskoy armii i flote, pp. 299–300.
155. Krasnaya zvezda, 2 June 1937.
156. L. Gaglov and I. Selishchev, Komissary (Moscow, 1961).
157. Petrov, Partiynoe stroitel’ stvo v sovetskoy armii i flote, p. 302; Kommunist, 27 September 1988.
158. Krasnaya zvezda, 1 June 1937.