68. Partiynoe stroitel’ stvo, no. 15 (1937).
69. I. V. Stalin, Sobranie sochinenii (Moscow, 1946–54), vol. 8, pp. 149–50.
70. Bukharin, conversation with Kamenev, July 1928.
71. G. A. Tokaev, Comrade X (London, 1956), p. 57.
72. Pyatakov, speech to the VIIIth Party Congress (Sullivant, Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, p. 32a).
73. See Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow (New York, 1986).
74. Sullivant, Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, p. 193.
75. G. Petrovsky, speech to the XVIIth Party Congress.
76. Komsomolskoe znamya, 22 November 1988, 23 November 1988.
77. Posey, vol. 6, nos. 45 and 50 (1950); Vladimir Dedijer, Tito Speaks (London, 1953), p. 201.
78. Komsomolskoe znamya, 23 November 1988.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Komsomolskoe znamya, 27 November 1988.
82. Pravda, 21 July 1937.
83. Pravda, 22 July 1937.
84. Pravda, 25 July 1937.
85. Komsomolskoe znamya, 27 November 1988.
86. Ibid.
87. Komsomolskoe znamya, 29 November 1988.
88. Ibid.
89. Pravda, 18 September 1937.
90. Pravda, 1 October 1937, 29 December 1937.
91. Pravda, 25 September 1937.
92. Pravda, 4 October 1937.
93. Pravda, 18 September 1937.
94. Volodimir Petrovich Zatonsky (in Ukrainian) (Kiev, 1964), p. 132.
95. Pravda, 19 January 1938.
96. Z. T. Serdyuk, speech to the XVIIIth Party Congress.
97. Brzezinski, Permanent Purge, p. 78.
98. Pravda, 22 February 1938.
99. Alexander Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence (London, 1952), pp. 461–62.
100. Visti, 28 January 1938.
101. Sullivant, Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, p. 223.
102. Burmistenko, speech to the XVIIIth Party Congress.
103. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., Roosevelt and the Russians: The Yalta Conference (Garden City, N.Y., 1949).
104. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.
105. Ibid.
106. Medvedev, Let History Judge, p. 43.
107. Moskovskaya pravda, 10 January 1989.
108. For example, Moskovskaya pravda, 10 February 1989.
109. Z. T. Serdyuk, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 31 October 1961); Moscow News, no. 18 (1988).
110. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988); Moskovskaya pravda, 6 April 1989.
111. Moscow News, no. 18 (1988).
112. R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs (London, 1965), p. 307; Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, p. 241.
113. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, p. 168.
114. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 2 (1964), p. 19.
115. Literaturnaya gazeta, no. 9 (1987).
116. Sovetskaya Byelorossiya, 22 January 1988.
117. Fitzroy Maclean, Eastern Approaches (London, 1949), p. 28.
118. československy časopis Historicky, no. 4 (1964).
119. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, p. 115; and see German Trukans, Yan Rudzutak (Moscow, 1963).
120. Svetlana Alliluyeva, Only One Year (New York, 1969), p. 388.
121. Bukharin Trial, p. 277.
122. Louis Fischer, Men and Politics (London, 1941), p. 414.
123. Alexander Barmine, One Who Survived (New York, 1945), p. 307.
124. Bukharin Trial, p. 252.
125. Ibid., p. 55.
126. Trud, 26 May 1988.
127. Bukharin Trial, p. 777.
128. A. N. Shelepin, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress (Pravda, 27 October 1961).
129. Bukharin Trial, pp. 459–67.
130. Pravda, 17 November 1964.
131. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, pp. 118, 139.
132. Bukharin Trial, p. 78.
133. Anton Antonov-Ovseenko, The Time of Stalin (New York, 1981), p. 127.
134. Moscow News, no. 15 (1988); Pavel Gol’dshtein, Tochka opory (Jerusalem, n.d.).
135. Moscow News, no. 15 (1988).
136. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.
137. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 11 (1965).
138. Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Last Testament (Boston, 1974), p. 88.
139. A. S. Yakovlev, Tsel’ zhizni (Moscow, 1966), p. 177.
140. Izvestiya, 19 December 1964.
141. Maroosha Fischer, My Lives in Russia (New York, 1944), p. 186.
142. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 80.
143. Victor Kravchenko, I Chose Justice (London, 1951), p. 235.
144. Pravda, 22 July 1937.
145. Pravda, 17 March 1937.
146. Pravda, 20 August 1937.
147. Pravda, 29 August 1937.
148. Pravda, 30 October 1937.
149. Pravda, 8 September 1937.
150. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochineniy, 5th ed., vol. 50 (Moscow, 1965).
151. Bukharin Trial, p. 764.
152. Fischer, Men and Politics, p. 409.
153. Bukharin Trial, p. 796.
154. Barmine, One Who Survived, p. 245.
155. Bukharin Trial, p. 623.
156. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 3 (March 1965); see also Kravchenko, I Chose Justice, p. 157.
157. See Bukharin Trial, p. 696.
158. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
159. A. Binevich and Z. Serebryanskiy, Andrei Bubnov (Moscow, 1964), pp. 78–79.
160. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 4 (1963).
161. Shelepin, speech to the XXIInd Party Congress.
162. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 97.
163. Margarete [Buber] Neumann, Under Two Dictators (London, 1949), p. 26.
164. For example, Pravda, 2 May 1937, 15 June 1937, 29 October 1937.
165. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 2 (1963).
166. Pravda, 25 December 1964; Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 7 (1964).
167. G. Maryagin, Postyshev (Moscow, 1965), p. 247.
168. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 7 (1965).
169. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 3 (March 1965).
170. Pravda, 7 November 1937.
171. Pravda, 20 December 1937.
172. Bukharin Trial, p. 22.
173. Ibid., p. 23.
174. Lidiya Shatunovskaya, Zhizn’ v Kremle (New York, 1982), pp. 105–7.
175. Antonov-Ovseenko, Time of Stalin, p. 178.
176. Samizdat manuscript.
177. Politicheskiy dnevnik, no. 55 (1969).