6. Vladimir Voinovich, The Ivankiad (New York, 1977), p. 57.
7. Fitzroy Maclean, Eastern Approaches (London, 1949), p. 86.
8. Nedelya, no. 7 (1988).
9. Oktyabr’ no. 12 (1988); Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 1 (1989).
10. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 86.
11. Bukharin Trial, p. 36.
12. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 86.
13. Roy Medvedev, in New Left Review, no. 109 (May-June 1978).
14. Bukharin Trial, p. 716.
15. Ibid., p. 49.
16. Ibid., p. 716.
17. Ibid., pp. 49–50.
18. Ibid., p. 51.
19. Ibid., p. 52.
20. Ibid., p. 53.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., p. 54.
23. Ibid., pp. 58–59.
24. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 87.
25. Bukharin Trial, p. 59.
26. Ibid., p. 18.
27. Ibid., p. 81.
28. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 98.
29. Bukharin Trial, p. 76.
30. Ibid., p. 83.
31. G. A. Tokaev, Stalin Means War (London, 1951), p. 7.
32. Bukharin Trial, p. 724.
33. Pravda, 30 October 1937.
34. Bukharin Trial, p. 104.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., p. 91.
37. Ibid., pp. 96–97.
38. Ibid., p. 109.
39. Ibid., p. 123.
40. Ibid., p. 124.
41. Ibid., pp. 131–33.
42. Ibid., p. 137.
43. Ibid., pp. 143–44.
44. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, pp. 92–93.
45. Ibid., p. 87.
46. G. A. Tokaev, Comrade X (London, 1956), p. 91.
47. Bukharin Trial, p. 157–58.
48. Alexander Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence (London, 1952), p. 425; Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
49. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, p. 425; Robert Payne, The Rise and Fall of Stalin (London, 1966), p. 520.
50. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, pp. 291–92.
51. Bukharin Trial, p. 252.
52. Chelovek i zakon, November 1988.
53. Medvedev, in New Left Review.
54. Nedelya, no. 18 (1988).
55. Bukharin Trial, p. 163.
56. Ibid., p. 164.
57. Ibid., p. 210.
58. Ibid., p. 206.
59. Ibid., p. 207.
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid., p. 208.
62. Ibid., p. 217.
63. Pravda vostoka, 27 June 1937.
64. Zarya vostoka, 10 June 1937.
65. Pravda, 8 September 1937.
66. Pravda, 10 September 1937.
67. Znamya, no. 6 (1989); Bukharin Trial, p. 757.
68. Pravda, 12 September 1937.
69. Pravda, 9 April 1964.
70. Pravda vostoka, 10 September 1937, 11 September 1937, 12 September 1937.
71. Pravda, 9 April 1964.
72. Pravda, 27 September 1937.
73. Bukharin Trial, p. 348.
74. Ibid., p. 757.
75. Pravda, 13 September 1937.
76. Pravda, 20 September 1937.
77. Pravda, 10 September 1937, 12 September 1937.
78. Pravda, 23 May 1938.
79. Bukharin Trial, p. 234.
80. Ibid., p. 225.
81. Ibid., p. 223.
82. Ibid., p. 348.
83. Ibid., p. 351.
84. Ibid., p. 361.
85. Ibid., p. 250.
86. Alexander Barmine, One Who Survived (New York, 1945), pp. 228–29.
87. For example, Pyatakov Trial, p. 207; Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 5 (1989).
88. Bukharin Trial, p. 312.
89. Ibid., p. 288.
90. Ibid., p. 302.
91. Ibid., p. 248.
92. Ibid., p. 313.
93. Ibid., p. 328.
94. Ibid., p. 332.
95. Ibid., p. 333.
96. Ibid., p. 335.
97. Ibid., p. 330.
98. Ibid., p. 430.
99. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, p. 283.
100. Louis Fischer, Russia Revisited (London, 1957), p. 64.
101. Podem, December 1988.
102. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).
103. Yunost’, no. 11 (1988).
104. Ibid., pp. 284–85.
105. Bukharin Trial, p. 424.
106. Ibid., p. 370.
107. Ibid., p. 372.
108. Ibid., p. 374.
109. Ibid., p. 376.
110. Ibid., p. 381.
111. Ibid., p. 383.
112. Ibid., p. 384.
113. Ibid., p. 407.
114. Ibid., p. 413.
115. Ibid., p. 415.
116. Ibid.
117. Ibid., p. 417.
118. Ibid., p. 419.
119. Ibid., p. 424.
120. Ibid., p. 437.
121. Pravda, 3 January 1924.
122. Bukharin Trial, p. 470.
123. Ibid., p. 474.
124. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 99.
125. Bukharin Trial, p. 492.
126. Politicheskiy dnevnik 1965–1970 (Amsterdam, 1972); Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Narodoubistvo v SSSR (Munich, 1952), pp. 707, 712; Pamyat’, no. 2 (1977), p. 80.
127. Anton Ciliga, The Russian Enigma (London, 1940), p. 292.
128. Bukharin Trial, p. 491.
129. Ibid., p. 504.
130. Ibid., p. 508–9.
131. XI s”ezd RKP(b) mart–aprel’ 1922 g. Stenograficheskiy otchet (Moscow, 1961).
132. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochineniy, 5th ed. (Moscow, 1965), vol. 50.
133. Sovetskaya istoricheskaya entsyklopediya (Moscow, 1967), vol. 10.
134. Pravda, 12 September 1966, and Voprosy istorii, no. 6 (1967), give 1944, but in recent accounts 1941 is the date.
135. Pravda, 8 June 1937.
136. Pravda, 17 May 1937; Izvestiya TsK KPSS, nos. 1 and 5 (1989).
137. Bukharin Trial, p. 590.
138. Ibid., p. 544.
139. Ibid., p. 516.
140. Ibid., p. 546.
141. Ibid., p. 549.
142. Ibid., p. 548.
143. Ibid., p. 518.
144. Ibid., p. 519.
145. Ibid., p. 527.
146. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 102.
147. Bukharin Trial, p. 525–26.
148. Ibid., p. 529.
149. Ibid., p. 530.
150. Walter Duranty, The Kremlin and the People (London, 1942), pp. 84–85.
151. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, pp. 119–20.
152. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, p. 264.
153. Bukharin Trial, pp. 535, 539.
154. Ibid., p. 546.
155. Ibid., p. 551.
156. Ibid., p. 511.
157. Ogonek, no. 7 (1988).
158. Bukharin Trial, p. 562.
159. Ibid., p. 564.
160. Neva, no. 6 (1988).
161. Maclean, Eastern Approaches, p. 105.
162. Bukharin Trial, p. 576.
163. Ibid., pp. 578–79.
164. Ibid., p. 573.
165. Ibid., pp. 577–78.
166. Orlov, Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, pp. 267–68.
167. Pravda, 8 June 1937.