25 million orphan works: Naomi Korn, In from the Cold: An Assessment of the Scope of ‘Orphan Works’ and Its Impact on the Delivery of Services to the Public, JISC Content, Collections Trust, Cambridge, UK, April 2009.
“stories, not of atoms”: Muriel Rukeyser, The Speed of Darkness: Poems (New York: Random House, 1968).
what we are paying attention to: Phillip Moore, “Eye Tracking: Where It’s Been and Where It’s Going,” User Testing, June 4, 2015.
read our emotions as we read the screen: Mariusz Szwoch and Wioleta Szwoch, “Emotion Recognition for Affect Aware Video Games,” in Image Processing & Communications Challenges 6, ed. Ryszard S. Choraś, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 313, Springer International, 2015, 227–36.
informational layer to reality: Jessi Hempel, “Project Hololens: Our Exclusive Hands-On with Microsoft’s Holographic Goggles,” Wired, January 21, 2015; and Sean Hollister, “How Magic Leap Is Secretly Creating a New Alternate Reality,” Gizmodo, November 9, 2014.
5: ACCESSING
TechCrunch recently observed: Tom Goodwin, “The Battle Is for the Customer Interface,” TechCrunch, March 3, 2015.
800,000-volume library: “Kindle Unlimited,” Amazon, accessed June 24, 2015.
tin-coated steel and it weighed: Chaz Miller, “Steel Cans,” Waste 360, March 1, 2008.
one fifth of its original weight: “Study Finds Aluminum Cans the Sustainable Package of Choice,” Can Manufacturers Institute, May 20, 2015.
weight of the average automobile has fallen: Ronald Bailey, “Dematerializing the Economy,” Reason.com, September 5, 2001.
In 1930 it took only one kilogram: Sylvia Gierlinger and Fridolin Krausmann, “The Physical Economy of the United States of America,” Journal of Industrial Ecology 16, no. 3 (2012): 365–77, Figure 4a.
from $1.64 in 1977 to $3.58 in 2000: Figures adjusted for inflation. Ronald Bailey, “Dematerializing the Economy,” Reason.com, September 5, 2001.
“Software eats everything”: Marc Andreessen, “Why Software Is Eating the World,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2011.
Toffler called in 1980 the “prosumer”: Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: Bantam, 1984).
subscribe to Photoshop: “Subscription Products Boost Adobe Fiscal 2Q Results,” Associated Press, June 16, 2015.
Uber for laundry: Jessica Pressler, “‘Let’s, Like, Demolish Laundry,’” New York, May 21, 2014.
Uber for doctor house calls: Jennifer Jolly, “An Uber for Doctor House Calls,” New York Times, May 5, 2015.
sizable bag rental business: Emily Hamlin Smith, “Where to Rent Designer Handbags, Clothes, Accessories and More,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 12, 2012.
phone app, such as M-Pesa: Murithi Mutiga, “Kenya’s Banking Revolution Lights a Fire,” New York Times, January 20, 2014.
has $3 billion in circulation: “Bitcoin Network,” Bitcoin Charts, accessed June 24, 2015.
100,000 vendors accepting the coins: Wouter Vonk, “Bitcoin and BitPay in 2014,” BitPay blog, February 4, 2015.
Six times an hour: Colin Dean, “How Many Bitcoin Are Mined Per Day?,” Bitcoin Stack Exchange, March 28, 2013.
Knowledge-Based Trust: Hal Hodson, “Google Wants to Rank Websites Based on Facts Not Links,” New Scientist, February 28, 2015.
tools are extensions of our selves: Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
down only 14 minutes in 2014: Brandon Butler, “Which Cloud Providers Had the Best Uptime Last Year?,” Network World, January 12, 2015.
app onto their phones called FireChat: Noam Cohen, “Hong Kong Protests Propel FireChat Phone-to-Phone App,” New York Times, October 5, 2014.
6: SHARING
“new modern-day sort of communists”: Michael Kanellos, “Gates Taking a Seat in Your Den,” CNET, January 5, 2005.
first collaborative web page in 1994: Ward Cunningham, “Wiki History,” March 25, 1995, http://goo.gl/2qAjTO.
tracks nearly 150 wiki engines today: “Wiki Engines,” accessed June 24, 2015, http://goo.gl/5auMv6.
billion instances of Creative Commons: “State of the Commons,” Creative Commons, accessed May 2, 2015.
“dot-communism”: Theta Pavis, “The Rise of Dot-Communism,” Wired, October 25, 1999.
“composed entirely of free agents”: Roshni Jayakar, “Interview: John Perry Barlow, Founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation,” Business Today, December 6, 2000, accessed July 30, 2015, via Internet Archive, April 24, 2006.
ranked by the increasing degree of coordination: Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations (New York: Penguin Press, 2008).
1.8 billion per day: Mary Meeker, “Internet Trends 2014—Code Conference,” Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, 2014.
billions of videos served by YouTube: “Statistics,” YouTube, accessed June 24, 2015.
millions of fan-created stories: Piotr Kowalczyk, “15 Most Popular Fanfiction Websites,” Ebook Friendly, January 13, 2015.
the socialist promise: “From Each According to His Ability, to Each According to His Need,” Wikipedia, accessed June 24, 2015.
Half of all web pages in the world today: “July 2015 Web Server Survey,” Netcraft, July 22, 2015.
more than 35 million servers: Jean S. Bozman and Randy Perry, “Server Transition Alternatives: A Business Value View Focusing on Operating Costs,” White Paper 231528R1, IDC, 2012.
running free Apache software: “July 2015 Web Server Survey,” Netcraft, July 22, 2015.
3D Warehouse offers several million: “Materialise Previews Upcoming Printables Feature for Trimble’s 3D Warehouse,” Materialise, April 24, 2015.
community-designed Arduinos: “Arduino FAQ—With David Cuartielles,” Medea, April 5, 2013.
Raspberry Pi computers: “About 6 Million Raspberry Pis Have Been Sold,” Adafruit, June 8, 2015.
“alternative to both state-based”: Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006).